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Security report for uniza.sk

Žilinská univerzita v Žiline · Education · Slovakia

Medium risk. 7 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view and Security headers.

Security score

63/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

Žilinská univerzita v Žiline is a well-established public university in Slovakia, providing comprehensive higher education and research services. The website serves as the official digital presence, offering detailed information for students, staff, applicants, researchers, and the general public. It is positioned as a leading national university, evidenced by its top ranking in the THE World University Rankings 2025. The site supports multiple languages and integrates social media channels to engage its audience effectively. Technically, the website is built on Joomla CMS with modern frameworks and libraries, ensuring a good user experience and mobile responsiveness. Security measures such as HTTPS and security headers are implemented, and privacy compliance is addressed through a comprehensive privacy and cookie policy with consent mechanisms. However, there is no explicit terms of service or vulnerability disclosure policy published. Overall, the site demonstrates a mature digital infrastructure aligned with the university's stature and operational needs.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
25/ 100 · Critical
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

7 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • High

      No Privacy Policy found

      GDPR requires a clear and accessible privacy policy

      What to do: Add a comprehensive privacy policy page and link to it prominently

  2. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing X-Frame-Options header

      Prevents clickjacking attacks

      What to do: Add "X-Frame-Options: DENY" or "X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN"

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching uniza.sk

This scan found 22 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
90
Security headers
20
Email security
60
DNS health
80
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
25
Average
63

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The university operates in the education sector, targeting students, academic staff, researchers, and partners. Its business model is based on public funding and educational services. The website reflects a strong market position with extensive content covering academic programs, research activities, student life, and international cooperation. The presence of multiple external and partner domains indicates a broad collaboration network. The university leverages digital marketing and analytics tools such as Google Analytics and Tag Manager to monitor and optimize user engagement. The content is professionally curated, supporting the institution's credibility and outreach efforts.

Security posture

The website exhibits a solid security posture with HTTPS enforced and several security headers in place, reducing common web vulnerabilities. Cookie consent is actively managed, supporting GDPR compliance. No exposed sensitive data or vulnerable libraries were detected in the analyzed content. However, the absence of a published vulnerability disclosure or security.txt file and incident response contact details suggests room for improvement in transparency and readiness. Regular updates and monitoring are recommended to maintain security integrity.

Recommendations

  1. Publish a vulnerability disclosure policy or security.txt file to facilitate responsible reporting.
  2. Add explicit incident response contact information, such as security@ or abuse@ email addresses.
  3. Enhance website accessibility features to improve inclusivity.
  4. Consider publishing terms of service to clarify user rights and obligations.
  5. Maintain up-to-date CMS and extensions to mitigate potential vulnerabilities.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Žilinská univerzita v Žiline
Description
Official website of the University of Žilina, providing information about the university, faculties, research, student life, admissions, and news.
Key services
Higher education, Research and development, Student services, International cooperation
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
Joomla CMS, jQuery, Bootstrap, Font Awesome, SP Page Builder
Frameworks
Helix3
Platforms
Web
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
basic
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Cookie consent implemented
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML
  • Use of security headers

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Analytics, Google Tag Manager
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Transparency
good

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website uses Joomla CMS with SP Page Builder and Helix3 framework
  2. Multiple language versions available
  3. Comprehensive navigation menus covering university info, admissions, students, staff, public, and research
  4. Active social media presence with official accounts linked
  5. Cookie consent banner implemented with detailed cookie categories
  6. No visible contact emails or phone numbers in the homepage HTML snippet, but contact page exists
  7. No explicit terms of service found
  8. Security headers and HTTPS present
  9. No signs of malware or phishing
  10. No vulnerability disclosure or security.txt found
Technical notes

Notes

The website is powered by Joomla CMS with the Helix3 framework and SP Page Builder, supported by jQuery and Bootstrap for responsive design. The use of Font Awesome provides iconography. The site is multilingual with hreflang tags for SEO optimization. Cookie consent is implemented via a dedicated plugin. Performance appears moderate with standard web technologies. There is no explicit hosting provider information. The technical stack is modern and suitable for the university's needs, though continuous maintenance is essential to avoid technical debt and security risks.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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