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Security report for universite-lyon.fr

Université de Lyon · Education · France

Medium risk. 7 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view and Security headers.

Security score

57/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

Université de Lyon is a public academic consortium coordinating 10 member universities and 25 associates in the Lyon-Saint-Étienne academic site. The website serves students, researchers, academic staff, and international scientists by providing information on education, research programs, innovation, entrepreneurship, and campus life. The site is well-branded, professionally designed, and offers clear navigation with a focus on academic and research content. Technically, the site uses JavaScript, jQuery, and AT Internet analytics, hosted likely on academic infrastructure with a valid SSL certificate. Security posture is adequate with no major vulnerabilities detected, though improvements such as enabling HSTS and DNSSEC are recommended. Privacy compliance is basic with a cookie consent mechanism but no explicit privacy policy found in the analyzed content. Overall, the website is a credible and trustworthy source for academic information in the region.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
0/ 100 · Critical
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

7 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • High

      No Privacy Policy found

      GDPR requires a clear and accessible privacy policy

      What to do: Add a comprehensive privacy policy page and link to it prominently

    • High

      No Cookie Policy found

      GDPR requires clear information about cookie usage

      What to do: Add a dedicated cookie policy explaining cookie usage and purposes

  2. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing X-Frame-Options header

      Prevents clickjacking attacks

      What to do: Add "X-Frame-Options: DENY" or "X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN"

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

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Keep watching universite-lyon.fr

This scan found 21 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
77
Security headers
25
Email security
50
DNS health
90
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
0
Average
57

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The Université de Lyon operates as a regional academic consortium, providing coordination and support for multiple universities and research institutions. Its business model is public and educational, focusing on delivering academic services and fostering innovation and international collaboration. The website reflects a mature digital presence with multiple content sections including education, research, innovation, international affairs, and campus life. The presence of social media channels and newsletters indicates active engagement with its audience. The organization is positioned as a key player in the regional higher education landscape in France, with a large size and established since 2017.

Security posture

The website maintains a valid SSL certificate issued by GEANT OV RSA CA 4 with a strong 4096-bit key, ensuring encrypted communications. However, it lacks HSTS enforcement and DNSSEC validation, which are important for preventing certain types of attacks. Security headers are not explicitly detected, and CAA DNS records appear misconfigured. No subdomain takeover vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were found. The cookie consent mechanism indicates awareness of privacy regulations, but no detailed privacy or security policies are present. Overall, the security posture is moderate with room for improvement in header configurations and DNS security.

Recommendations

  1. Enable HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) with includeSubDomains and preload to enforce HTTPS.
  2. Implement DNSSEC to protect DNS integrity and prevent spoofing.
  3. Correct and properly configure CAA DNS records to specify authorized certificate authorities.
  4. Add security headers such as Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-Content-Type-Options.
  5. Publish clear and comprehensive privacy and security policies to improve compliance and user trust.
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on a CMS platform likely K-Sup, using JavaScript libraries such as jQuery and Owl Carousel for UI components. It integrates AT Internet and Google Analytics for user tracking with a cookie consent banner. The SSL certificate is valid and strong, but the site lacks modern security headers and DNSSEC. Performance is moderate with a page load time of approximately 4.9 seconds and 59 resources loaded. The site is mobile optimized with responsive design and basic accessibility features. SEO is supported by meta tags and Open Graph data. Technical risks include missing security headers and DNSSEC, and misconfigured CAA records, which should be addressed to enhance security and reliability.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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