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Security report for unitus.it

Unitus · Education · Italy

Medium risk. 4 critical or high findings in Security headers, SSL/TLS and 1 other check.

Security score

58/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

The website www.unitus.it represents the official online presence of the Università degli Studi della Tuscia, a public university based in Italy. The site provides information about degree courses, research activities, and university life, targeting students, researchers, and the academic community. It holds a regional market position as an educational institution and offers key services related to higher education and research. Technically, the website is built on WordPress with multilingual support via WPML, utilizing common web libraries such as jQuery and DataTables. Google Analytics and Google Tag Manager are employed for user tracking and analytics. The site demonstrates moderate performance and good mobile optimization, with a professional design and clear navigation structure. Security-wise, HTTPS is enforced, and a cookie consent mechanism is implemented, indicating GDPR awareness. However, the absence of security headers and explicit security policies suggests room for improvement in security posture. No critical vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected. Overall, the website is trustworthy and professionally maintained, though it lacks some compliance documentation such as privacy and terms of service pages. Strategic recommendations include enhancing security headers, publishing security and incident response policies, and improving accessibility features.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
95/ 100 · Low
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

4 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing X-Frame-Options header

      Prevents clickjacking attacks

      What to do: Add "X-Frame-Options: DENY" or "X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN"

  2. SSL/TLS

    TLS encrypts the connection and proves the site is really yours. Weak or expiring certificates trigger browser warnings and put traffic at risk.

    • High

      Weak Protocols Supported

      Server supports weak protocols: TLSv1.1

      What to do: Disable TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1, and all SSL versions

      • CWE-327
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V12.1.1

  3. Network security

    Services reachable from the internet are the first thing attackers probe. Anything open that does not need to be should be closed.

    • High

      High-Risk Service Exposed: FTP

      Port 21 (FTP) is publicly accessible - FTP - Often unencrypted file transfer

      What to do: Consider restricting access to FTP or implementing strong authentication

      • NIS2 21(2)(e)
      • IR 2024/2690 6.7.2(f): Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690, Annex point 6.7.2(f): Network security
      • NIST CM-7: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 CM-7: Least Functionality
      • NIST SC-7: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 SC-7: Boundary Protection

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching unitus.it

This scan found 22 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

€25per month

  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

Email alerts on material changes and an exportable JSON history of every change.

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
57
Security headers
30
Email security
85
DNS health
60
Network security
20
GDPR outside view
95
Average
58

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The Università degli Studi della Tuscia operates as a public educational institution in Italy, focusing on providing degree programs and conducting research. Its business model revolves around academic education and research services, catering primarily to students and scholars. The website's multilingual capabilities indicate an intent to reach both local and international audiences. The presence of official branding and social media links supports its credibility. The university likely generates revenue through tuition fees, research grants, and public funding. No evidence of commercial partnerships or subsidiaries was found. The institution maintains a moderate size typical of regional universities. The website content and structure reflect a stable and established organization with a clear focus on education and research.

Security posture

The website enforces HTTPS, ensuring encrypted communication. It employs cookie consent banners consistent with GDPR requirements, demonstrating privacy compliance efforts. However, the lack of security headers such as Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-XSS-Protection reduces its defense-in-depth capabilities. No exposed credentials or sensitive data were found in the HTML content. The use of common JavaScript libraries is noted, but no vulnerable versions were identified. There is no visible security policy or incident response contact information, which limits transparency and preparedness for security incidents. The overall security posture is moderate, with good encryption and privacy practices but lacking in advanced security controls and documentation.

Recommendations

  1. Implement and configure security headers like Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-XSS-Protection to enhance protection against common web attacks.
  2. Publish a comprehensive privacy policy and terms of service pages accessible from the homepage to improve compliance and user trust.
  3. Add a dedicated security policy and incident response contact information to demonstrate readiness and transparency.
  4. Introduce a vulnerability disclosure program or security.txt file to encourage responsible reporting of security issues.
  5. Enhance accessibility features to meet recognized standards and improve user experience for all visitors.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Unitus
Description
Scopri l'Università degli Studi della Tuscia sul nostro sito ufficiale. Informazioni sui corsi di laurea, la ricerca e la vita universitaria. Entra ora!
Key services
degree courses, research activities, university life information
Content quality
good
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
WordPress, jQuery, Google Analytics, Google Tag Manager, DataTables, jQuery UI
Frameworks
WPML (WordPress Multilingual Plugin)
Platforms
WordPress
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
basic
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
80/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enabled
  • Cookie consent mechanism implemented
  • No exposed sensitive data detected in HTML

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Analytics, Google Tag Manager
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Transparency
basic

Site quality

Design
good
User experience
good
Content relevance
good
Navigation
good
Professionalism
good
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Official university website with multilingual support
  2. Comprehensive cookie consent and GDPR compliance mechanisms
  3. No explicit privacy policy or terms of service found in provided content
  4. No direct contact emails or phone numbers found in the analyzed HTML snippet
  5. Use of modern web technologies and analytics tools
  6. No security headers detected, room for improvement
  7. No evidence of security incident response or vulnerability disclosure information
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on WordPress CMS with multilingual support via WPML, leveraging popular JavaScript libraries such as jQuery, jQuery UI, and DataTables for enhanced UI components. Google Analytics and Google Tag Manager are integrated for analytics and marketing purposes. The site uses modern meta tags including Open Graph and JSON-LD structured data for SEO and social media optimization. Performance is moderate with some optimization evident, such as DNS prefetching and CSS optimization. Mobile responsiveness is good, and the design is professional and consistent. However, the absence of certain security headers and limited accessibility features indicate areas for technical improvement. Hosting provider details are not explicitly identified from the data. Overall, the technical infrastructure is solid but could benefit from enhanced security and accessibility modernization.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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