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Security report for ulisboa.pt

Universidade de Lisboa · Education · Portugal

Medium risk. 8 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view, Security headers and 1 other check.

Security score

65/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

Universidade de Lisboa is the largest Portuguese university and among the largest in Europe, offering a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs, research initiatives, and international cooperation. The website reflects a mature digital presence built on Drupal CMS, with good mobile optimization, accessibility, and SEO practices. The site uses modern analytics tools such as Google Analytics and Tag Manager, and implements GDPR-compliant cookie consent mechanisms. Security posture is strong with HTTPS enforced and appropriate security headers, though explicit security policies and incident response information are not published. WHOIS data confirms the legitimacy and consistency of the domain registration, matching the university's public identity. Overall, the website is professional, trustworthy, and well-maintained, serving a broad academic audience effectively.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
25/ 100 · Critical
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

8 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • High

      No Privacy Policy found

      GDPR requires a clear and accessible privacy policy

      What to do: Add a comprehensive privacy policy page and link to it prominently

  2. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing X-Frame-Options header

      Prevents clickjacking attacks

      What to do: Add "X-Frame-Options: DENY" or "X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN"

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching ulisboa.pt

This scan found 22 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

€25per month

  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
100
Security headers
25
Email security
60
DNS health
80
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
25
Average
65

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The university operates in the education sector as a public institution with a large scale and comprehensive academic offerings. It targets students, researchers, academic staff, and international students. The business model focuses on education delivery, research, innovation, and social services. The university maintains partnerships and specialized domains for graduate studies, innovation, and international student services, indicating a broad ecosystem. The website content and structure support a strong market position as a leading academic institution in Portugal and Europe.

Security posture

The website demonstrates a good security maturity level with HTTPS, security headers, and no visible vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data. However, it lacks published security policies, incident response contacts, and vulnerability disclosure mechanisms, which are important for transparency and trust. The cookie consent mechanism is implemented with opt-in features, supporting GDPR compliance. No critical security issues were detected, but improvements in security communication and incident handling are recommended.

Recommendations

  1. Publish a dedicated security policy and incident response page to improve transparency.
  2. Implement and publish a vulnerability disclosure policy or security.txt file.
  3. Provide clear contact channels for security incidents and abuse reports.
  4. Regularly review and update third-party scripts and analytics tools to mitigate vulnerabilities.
  5. Enhance visibility of data protection officer contact information to support GDPR compliance.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Universidade de Lisboa
Description
A maior universidade portuguesa e uma das maiores da Europa. No coração da cidade de Lisboa, oferece uma das melhores e mais diversificadas ofertas formativas e promete ser uma experiência única e enriquecedora.
Key services
Undergraduate and graduate courses, Research and innovation programs, International cooperation and mobility, Social services and student support
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
Drupal CMS, Google Analytics, Google Tag Manager, AddToAny sharing, jQuery
Frameworks
Drupal 10.4.6
Platforms
Web
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Cookie consent banner with opt-in mechanism
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML
  • Use of modern Drupal version

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Analytics, Google Tag Manager
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Marketing tools
AddToAny sharing
Transparency
basic

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is a comprehensive and professional university site
  2. Content is rich and well-structured with extensive navigation
  3. Good implementation of privacy and cookie policies with consent mechanisms
  4. Use of modern web technologies and analytics tools
  5. No signs of malicious or suspicious content
  6. No explicit security or incident response policies published
  7. WHOIS data supports legitimacy and transparency
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on Drupal 10.4.6, a modern and secure CMS platform. It uses standard web technologies including jQuery and integrates Google Analytics and Tag Manager for analytics. The site is mobile-optimized and accessible, with good SEO metadata and Open Graph tags for social sharing. Performance is moderate, likely due to the rich content and multiple navigation layers. Hosting provider details are not explicit but the site uses HTTPS with strong SSL configuration. The technical implementation is solid with room for performance optimization and enhanced security transparency.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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