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Security report for ujaen.es

Universidad de Jaén · Education · Spain

Medium risk. 6 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view, Security headers and 1 other check.

Security score

70/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

The Universidad de Jaén website serves as the official digital presence of a large public university in Spain, offering comprehensive academic programs, research initiatives, and community engagement services. The site targets a broad audience including prospective and current students, academic staff, alumni, and institutional partners. It features multilingual support, rich content, and clear navigation, reflecting a mature digital presence. Technically, the website is built on the Drupal CMS platform, utilizing modern web technologies such as Bootstrap for responsive design, jQuery, and various accessibility tools including ReadSpeaker. The site enforces HTTPS and implements a Content Security Policy, alongside a robust cookie consent mechanism, indicating a good level of digital maturity and privacy compliance. From a security perspective, the site demonstrates solid practices with HTTPS, basic security headers, and no visible vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data. However, there is room for improvement by adding additional security headers and HSTS. The WHOIS data is restricted due to registry policies, but no suspicious indicators were found, supporting the legitimacy of the domain. Overall, the website is professional, trustworthy, and well-maintained, with strong compliance to privacy regulations and a clear focus on user experience and accessibility. Strategic recommendations include enhancing security headers, expanding incident response visibility, and continuous monitoring of third-party scripts for vulnerabilities.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
40/ 100 · High
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

6 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • High

      No Privacy Policy found

      GDPR requires a clear and accessible privacy policy

      What to do: Add a comprehensive privacy policy page and link to it prominently

    • High

      Third-party services without privacy policy

      Detected services: Google Analytics, Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube, Google APIs

      What to do: Document all third-party data sharing in your privacy policy

  2. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching ujaen.es

This scan found 19 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

€25per month

  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

Email alerts on material changes and an exportable JSON history of every change.

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Full report

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
67
Security headers
40
Email security
85
DNS health
90
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
40
Average
70

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

Universidad de Jaén holds a strong position as a regional public university with a focus on internationalization and research. Its business model revolves around providing higher education, research, and community services. The university leverages partnerships with other academic institutions and foundations to enhance its offerings and outreach. The website reflects a well-established institution with a large user base and diverse stakeholders. Growth indicators include active event agendas, research projects, and international alliances. The presence of certifications and transparency portals further strengthens its credibility and operational maturity.

Security posture

The university website exhibits a good security posture with enforced HTTPS, Content Security Policy, and cookie consent mechanisms. No critical vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive information were detected. The use of third-party analytics and accessibility tools is managed with user consent. However, the absence of some security headers like X-Frame-Options and HSTS suggests opportunities for hardening. Incident response and security policy information are not publicly visible, which could be improved to enhance transparency and readiness. Overall, the site balances usability and security effectively, suitable for a public educational institution.

Recommendations

  1. Implement additional security headers such as X-Frame-Options, X-Content-Type-Options, and Referrer-Policy to enhance protection against common web attacks.
  2. Enable HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) to enforce HTTPS and prevent protocol downgrade attacks.
  3. Publish clear security policies and incident response procedures to improve transparency and preparedness.
  4. Regularly audit and update third-party scripts and libraries to mitigate potential vulnerabilities.
  5. Enhance monitoring and logging mechanisms to detect and respond to security incidents promptly.

Contact details published on the site

Addresses
Legal name
Universidad de Jaén
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Universidad de Jaén
Description
Public university website providing academic programs, research, cultural and sports activities, and institutional information.
Key services
Academic programs (undergraduate, masters, doctoral), Research and knowledge transfer, Student services and support, International relations, Cultural and sports activities
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
Drupal CMS, jQuery, Bootstrap, Klaro (cookie consent), Google Analytics, Google Tag Manager, ReadSpeaker
Frameworks
Bootstrap
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Content Security Policy present
  • Cookie consent mechanism implemented
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Analytics, Google Tag Manager
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Transparency
good

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is a professionally maintained public university site with comprehensive academic and institutional information.
  2. Content is rich, well-structured, and multilingual support is present (Spanish and English).
  3. Strong presence of official social media and partner links.
  4. Cookie consent and privacy policies are implemented and accessible.
  5. No signs of blocking, WAF challenges, or error pages.
  6. WHOIS data is restricted by the .es registry policy, no suspicious WHOIS data found.
  7. Security headers are basic but present; HTTPS is enforced.
  8. Use of modern web technologies and accessibility features is evident.
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on Drupal CMS with a modern tech stack including Bootstrap and jQuery, ensuring responsive and accessible design. Performance is moderate, with good mobile optimization and SEO practices. The site uses Klaro for cookie consent and integrates Google Analytics and Tag Manager for user behavior tracking. Accessibility features such as ReadSpeaker are implemented, reflecting attention to diverse user needs. The technical infrastructure appears stable and well-maintained, though hosting provider details are not explicit. Opportunities exist to improve security headers and performance optimizations for faster load times.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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