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Security report for uca.es

Universidad de Cádiz · Education · Spain

Medium risk. 7 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view, Security headers and 1 other check.

Security score

62/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

The Universidad de Cádiz is a well-established public university in Spain, offering a broad range of academic programs, research initiatives, and student services. The website reflects a mature digital presence with comprehensive content targeting students, researchers, and staff. It maintains a strong market position in the education sector with recognized certifications such as ISO 14001 and EFQM 500, enhancing its credibility and trustworthiness. Technically, the site is built on WordPress with modern frameworks like Bootstrap and jQuery, providing a responsive and accessible user experience. Security posture is solid with HTTPS enforced and cookie consent mechanisms in place, although there is room for improvement in HTTP security headers and incident response transparency. Overall, the site demonstrates a high level of professionalism and compliance with privacy regulations, supporting its role as a reputable educational institution.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
25/ 100 · Critical
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

7 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • High

      No Privacy Policy found

      GDPR requires a clear and accessible privacy policy

      What to do: Add a comprehensive privacy policy page and link to it prominently

    • High

      No Cookie Consent Banner found

      GDPR requires explicit consent for non-essential cookies

      What to do: Implement a cookie consent banner that appears on first visit

  2. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching uca.es

This scan found 23 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
67
Security headers
30
Email security
70
DNS health
80
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
25
Average
62

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The Universidad de Cádiz operates as a public educational entity focused on higher education and research. Its business model is government-funded, serving a large audience of students and academics. The university leverages partnerships with international and regional organizations to enhance its academic offerings and research capabilities. The website's integration with multiple subdomains and partner sites indicates a broad ecosystem supporting education, mobility, and innovation. The presence of certifications and transparency portals suggests a commitment to quality and accountability. Growth indicators include active event agendas, news updates, and digital services like employment portals and language centers. The university's strategic positioning in the education sector is reinforced by its digital maturity and stakeholder engagement.

Security posture

The website employs HTTPS with a valid SSL configuration, ensuring encrypted communications. Cookie consent and privacy policies indicate compliance with GDPR. However, the absence of explicit HTTP security headers such as Content Security Policy (CSP), HSTS, and X-Frame-Options represents an area for enhancement. No exposed sensitive data or vulnerable libraries were detected in the HTML content. The lack of a published security policy or incident response contact reduces transparency in security governance. The use of WordPress and third-party plugins necessitates ongoing vulnerability management. Overall, the security posture is good but could be strengthened by implementing additional headers, publishing security policies, and establishing a vulnerability disclosure program.

Recommendations

  1. Implement HTTP security headers including CSP, HSTS, X-Frame-Options, and X-XSS-Protection to enhance browser security.
  2. Publish a clear security policy and provide incident response contact information to improve transparency and trust.
  3. Establish a vulnerability disclosure program or security.txt file to facilitate responsible reporting of security issues.
  4. Regularly audit and update WordPress plugins and themes to mitigate risks from third-party components.
  5. Enhance monitoring and logging capabilities to detect and respond to potential security incidents promptly.

Contact details published on the site

Addresses
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Universidad de Cádiz
Description
The Universidad de Cádiz is a public university providing higher education, research, and community services primarily in the Cádiz region of Spain. It offers academic programs, research initiatives, international cooperation, and student services.
Key services
Academic degree programs, Research and innovation, Student support and services, International mobility and cooperation, Cultural and sports activities
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
WordPress, Bootstrap, jQuery, Font Awesome, Google Fonts, ElasticPress
Frameworks
Bootstrap
Platforms
WordPress CMS
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Cookie consent mechanism implemented
  • No exposed sensitive data detected
  • Use of security plugins (implied by WordPress ecosystem)

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Analytics
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Marketing tools
Google Fonts, Facebook SDK, 1millionbot chatbot
Transparency
good

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is fully accessible with rich content and navigation.
  2. Strong presence of official certifications and transparency indicators.
  3. Cookie consent and privacy policies are implemented and accessible.
  4. WHOIS data is restricted by registry policy, limiting domain transparency.
  5. No security headers detected in HTML source; opportunity for improvement.
  6. Use of modern web technologies and CMS (WordPress) with Bootstrap and jQuery.
  7. Social media presence is well integrated with official university accounts.
  8. No exposed emails or phone numbers explicitly found in the HTML content.
  9. Multiple external links to official university subdomains and partner organizations.
  10. No signs of WAF or blocking mechanisms detected.
Technical notes

Notes

The website is powered by WordPress CMS, utilizing Bootstrap for responsive design and jQuery for client-side scripting. It integrates Google Fonts and Font Awesome for typography and icons. The presence of ElasticPress suggests enhanced search capabilities. Performance is moderate with good mobile optimization and accessibility features. SEO is supported by proper meta tags and Open Graph data. The site uses external services such as Google Analytics for traffic analysis and a third-party chatbot for user engagement. Hosting details are not explicitly identified. The technical stack is modern and well-maintained, though opportunities exist to improve security headers and streamline third-party dependencies.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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