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Security report for top-ix.org

TOP-IX Consortium · Technology · Italy

Medium risk. 5 critical or high findings in Security headers, GDPR outside view and 1 other check.

Security score

69/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

TOP-IX Consortium is a well-established Italian technology consortium operating since 2002, specializing in managing an Internet Exchange for traffic exchange in the Northwest Italy region. The organization supports technological innovation projects, streaming platforms, and services related to Cloud, Open Data, Big Data, and Social Innovation. The website reflects a mature digital presence with a professional design, clear navigation, and comprehensive service offerings targeting network providers, enterprises, public administrations, and academic institutions. Technically, the site is built on WordPress with modern libraries and includes privacy compliance tools such as iubenda and Matomo analytics, indicating a commitment to user privacy and data protection. Security posture is strong, evidenced by ISO 27001 certification and HTTPS enforcement, though DNSSEC is not enabled, representing a minor security gap. Overall, the site is trustworthy, professional, and compliant with GDPR, with room for improvement in incident response transparency and DNS security.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
68/ 100 · Medium
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

5 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing X-Frame-Options header

      Prevents clickjacking attacks

      What to do: Add "X-Frame-Options: DENY" or "X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN"

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

  2. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • High

      No Cookie Consent Banner found

      GDPR requires explicit consent for non-essential cookies

      What to do: Implement a cookie consent banner that appears on first visit

  3. SSL/TLS

    TLS encrypts the connection and proves the site is really yours. Weak or expiring certificates trigger browser warnings and put traffic at risk.

    • High

      SSL Certificate Expires Soon

      SSL certificate expires in 19 days

      What to do: Renew SSL certificate before expiration

      • NIS2 21(2)(h)
      • IR 2024/2690 9.2(c): Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690, Annex point 9.2(c): Cryptography
      • NIST SC-17: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 SC-17: Public Key Infrastructure Certificates

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching top-ix.org

This scan found 22 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

€25per month

  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
75
Security headers
15
Email security
75
DNS health
80
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
68
Average
69

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Breach exposure

Leaked credentials and lookalike domains from OffSeq Breach. The counts are free; the detailed lists are paid add-ons.

Dark web exposure

Add-on

Leaked records that mention top-ix.org, from OffSeq Breach.

Total records
377
Employees
16
Customers
183
Third parties
178
Weak passwords
36%

Latest record dated 2026-05-26 · 51 subdomains affected

See the 10 newest leaked credentials

A one-off add-on to this report that lists the most recent identifier and password pairs OffSeq Breach holds for top-ix.org.

Select it in the checkout above.

Masked preview

  • –incibus.top-ix.org2026-05-26
  • –owncloud.top-ix.org2026-05-12
  • –www.top-ix.org2026-05-12
  • –ownud.top-ix.org2026-02-08
  • –dpsquare.top-ix.org2025-12-05

Breach keeps ingesting new leaks, so these numbers can grow between scans.

Open in Breach(opens in a new tab)Monitor on Breach(opens in a new tab)

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

TOP-IX holds a solid market position as a regional Internet Exchange and technology consortium, serving a diverse audience including network providers, hyperscalers, and cultural associations. Its business model revolves around consortium membership and providing peering, transport, streaming, and innovation services. The presence of multiple European and industry partnerships enhances its ecosystem and credibility. The website content and structure support business growth and member engagement, with clear calls to action for joining the consortium and accessing member areas. The consortium's longevity and ISO certification indicate operational maturity and reliability.

Security posture

The security maturity of TOP-IX is high, supported by ISO 27001 certification and HTTPS enforcement. The website implements cookie consent mechanisms and privacy policies aligned with GDPR. Security headers are present, and domain registration status protects against unauthorized transfers. However, the absence of DNSSEC and lack of a published security.txt or explicit incident response contacts are areas for enhancement. No exposed sensitive data or vulnerable libraries were detected. The use of Matomo analytics suggests privacy-conscious tracking. Overall, the security posture is robust but could benefit from improved transparency and DNS security hardening.

Recommendations

  1. Enable DNSSEC on the domain to enhance DNS security and prevent spoofing.
  2. Publish a security.txt file to facilitate responsible vulnerability disclosure.
  3. Provide clear incident response contact information on the website.
  4. Regularly review and update third-party scripts and libraries to mitigate vulnerabilities.
  5. Enhance user trust by detailing data retention policies and security practices.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
TOP-IX Consortium
Description
Il Consorzio TOP-IX è attivo dal 2002 nella gestione di un Internet Exchange per lo scambio di traffico Internet nell’area del Nord Ovest. Parallelamente, dal 2006, fornisce sostegno a progetti di innovazione tecnologica, gestisce una piattaforma di streaming e si occupa di tematiche quali Cloud, Open Data, Big Data e Social Innovation.
Key services
Peering, Transport, Marketplace, Development and Innovation, Training, Streaming, Time as a Service
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
WordPress 6.6.2, jQuery, Owl Carousel, Iubenda Cookie Solution, Matomo Analytics
Frameworks
WordPress
Platforms
Web
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
80/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • ClientTransferProhibited domain status
  • ISO 27001 certification
  • Cookie consent mechanism implemented

Analytics and tracking

Services
Matomo
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Tracking pixels
Matomo
Marketing tools
Iubenda Cookie Solution
Transparency
good

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is fully accessible with no blocking or WAF challenges
  2. Content is professional, well-structured, and relevant to the consortium's business
  3. Strong privacy and cookie compliance with iubenda integration
  4. ISO 27001 certification indicates mature security posture
  5. Social media presence and partner logos enhance trust
  6. No exposed sensitive data or obvious vulnerabilities detected
  7. DNSSEC absence is a minor security improvement opportunity
  8. No explicit incident response or vulnerability disclosure page found
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on WordPress 6.6.2, utilizing jQuery, Owl Carousel, and Iubenda for cookie management, with Matomo for analytics. The site is mobile-optimized with responsive design and accessibility features. Performance is moderate, with potential for optimization. SEO is well addressed with meta tags, Open Graph, and JSON-LD structured data. Hosting details are not explicit, but domain registration is stable and consistent with business history. The technical stack is modern and appropriate for the consortium's needs, though enabling DNSSEC and optimizing performance could further improve reliability and security.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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