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Security report for sdabocconi.it

SDA Bocconi School of Management · Education · Italy

Partial score · DNS & email only

58/100

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

SDA Bocconi School of Management is a prestigious Italian business school specializing in advanced business education including MBA, Executive MBAs, specialized masters, and executive programs. It holds triple accreditation (AACSB, EQUIS, AMBA) and is highly ranked internationally, reflecting a strong market position in education. The website is professionally designed, mobile-optimized, and rich in relevant content targeting professionals seeking executive education. Technically, the site uses modern JavaScript libraries and tracking tools, with a custom CMS backend. Security posture is strong with HTTPS enforced and consent-based cookie management, though explicit security and incident response policies are not publicly disclosed. Overall, the site demonstrates high trustworthiness and compliance with GDPR and privacy standards.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
55/ 100 · Medium
Checks completed
6of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

4 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      No HTTPS encryption

      GDPR requires appropriate security measures for personal data

      What to do: Implement SSL/TLS certificate for HTTPS

    • High

      No Cookie Consent Banner found

      GDPR requires explicit consent for non-essential cookies

      What to do: Implement a cookie consent banner that appears on first visit

  2. SSL/TLS

    TLS encrypts the connection and proves the site is really yours. Weak or expiring certificates trigger browser warnings and put traffic at risk.

    • Critical

      No HTTPS Encryption

      Website does not use HTTPS encryption, making all data transmission vulnerable to interception

      What to do: Implement SSL/TLS certificate and redirect all HTTP traffic to HTTPS

  3. DNS health

    DNS sends visitors and email to the right servers. Misconfigured records can cause outages or let someone redirect your traffic.

    • High

      Domain Expires Soon

      Domain expires in 19 days

      What to do: Renew domain registration before expiration

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching sdabocconi.it

This scan found 14 issues across 5 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
0
Email security
80
DNS health
55
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
55
Average
58

Not counted

  • Security headers: did not complete in this scan.
  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The business operates in the education sector, focusing on executive and post-experience education. It leverages its strong brand and accreditations to attract a global professional audience. The presence of related domains such as alumni associations and merchandising stores indicates a mature ecosystem. Marketing and analytics tools are extensively used for user engagement and tracking, balanced with privacy compliance. The business model is primarily educational services with revenue from tuition and executive training programs. The domain age and WHOIS data align with the institution's history, supporting legitimacy.

Security posture

The website enforces HTTPS and uses authorization headers for API security. Cookie consent is managed via Iubenda with explicit user consent mechanisms. No critical vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected in the HTML content. However, security headers are not explicitly listed, and no public security or incident response policies were found. The use of third-party analytics and tracking tools is balanced with privacy compliance. Recommendations include publishing a formal security policy, incident response contacts, and enhancing HTTP security headers to improve security posture further.

Recommendations

  1. Publish a dedicated security policy page detailing security practices and controls.
  2. Provide clear incident response and vulnerability disclosure information including contact channels.
  3. Implement and enforce HTTP security headers such as Content-Security-Policy, X-Content-Type-Options, and Strict-Transport-Security.
  4. Regularly audit third-party libraries and tracking tools for vulnerabilities and privacy compliance.
  5. Enhance transparency on data retention policies and user data handling to strengthen trust.

Contact details published on the site

Addresses
Legal name
SDA Bocconi School of Management
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
SDA Bocconi School of Management
Description
Specialized in research and post-experience education, SDA Bocconi offers masters, MBA, executive open and custom programs featured in the main international rankings.
Key services
MBA & Executive MBAs, Specialized Masters, Executive Open Programs, Executive Online Programs, Executive Custom Programs, Research & Labs
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
jQuery, Swiper.js, YouserXP SDK, Google Tag Manager, Hotjar, Google Charts, Iubenda Cookie Consent
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Authorization header used for API calls
  • Cookie consent with explicit consent mechanism

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Analytics (via GTM), Hotjar
Tracking level
extensive
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Tracking pixels
Hotjar
Marketing tools
YouserXP, Iubenda Cookie Consent
Transparency
good

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is professionally designed and well-structured.
  2. Strong presence of privacy and cookie policies with consent mechanisms.
  3. Use of modern tracking and analytics tools with explicit consent.
  4. Clear business information and contact details provided.
  5. No signs of blocking or WAF interference.
  6. Strong trust signals including triple accreditation and rankings.
  7. Social media integration is comprehensive and active.
  8. No exposed sensitive data or obvious vulnerabilities detected.
Technical notes

Notes

The website uses a custom CMS with modern JavaScript libraries including jQuery, Swiper.js, and YouserXP SDK for user experience and tracking. Google Tag Manager and Hotjar are used for analytics and user behavior insights. The site is mobile-optimized and includes accessibility features. Performance is moderate, with deferred and async loading of scripts. SEO is supported by proper meta tags and structured navigation. The technical stack is mature but could benefit from additional security headers and performance optimizations.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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