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Security report for richardwilsononline.ac.uk

Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art · Education · United Kingdom

Medium risk. 4 critical or high findings in Email security, Security headers and 1 other check.

Security score

71/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

Richard Wilson Online is a scholarly digital catalogue raisonné dedicated to the works of the 18th-century British landscape artist Richard Wilson. Funded by the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art, the site serves as an evolving research tool for academics, collectors, and the public interested in British art history. The platform offers comprehensive access to paintings, drawings, prints, biographies, exhibitions, and bibliographical resources, supported by advanced search and interactive features. The project is non-commercial and positioned as a specialized educational resource with strong academic credibility. Technically, the website employs modern web technologies including ES modules and CSS with a custom CMS solution developed by iBase Ltd. The site is mobile optimized, accessible, and performs moderately well. It uses Google Tag Manager for analytics and implements GDPR-compliant privacy and cookie policies with user consent mechanisms. However, no explicit security policies or vulnerability disclosures are published. From a security perspective, the site enforces HTTPS and uses secure login forms. While no security headers were detected in the HTML content, no vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were found. The lack of WHOIS data due to privacy protection is typical for academic projects and does not detract from the site's legitimacy. Overall, the site demonstrates a good security posture but could improve by adding explicit security policies and headers. The overall risk assessment is low given the academic nature, absence of suspicious content, and professional presentation. Strategic recommendations include enhancing security headers, publishing incident response contacts, and adding vulnerability disclosure information to further strengthen trust and compliance.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
53/ 100 · Medium
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

4 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. Email security

    SPF, DKIM and DMARC stop others sending email that looks like it comes from your domain, a common route to phishing and invoice fraud.

    • Critical

      No email authentication configured

      Domain is vulnerable to email spoofing

      What to do: Implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC immediately

  2. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…
  3. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • High

      No Cookie Policy found

      GDPR requires clear information about cookie usage

      What to do: Add a dedicated cookie policy explaining cookie usage and purposes

    • High

      No Cookie Consent Banner found

      GDPR requires explicit consent for non-essential cookies

      What to do: Implement a cookie consent banner that appears on first visit

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching richardwilsononline.ac.uk

This scan found 21 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
90
Security headers
60
Email security
60
DNS health
60
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
53
Average
71

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Breach exposure

Leaked credentials and lookalike domains from OffSeq Breach. The counts are free; the detailed lists are paid add-ons.

Dark web exposure

Add-on

Leaked records that mention richardwilsononline.ac.uk, from OffSeq Breach.

No leaked records found

Breach holds no records for richardwilsononline.ac.uk right now. New leaks arrive continuously, so monitoring on Breach alerts you if that changes.

Monitor on Breach (opens in a new tab)

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The website operates as a niche academic resource under the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art, focusing on the cataloguing and research of Richard Wilson's artworks. Its market positioning is that of an authoritative digital catalogue raisonné, serving art historians, researchers, and enthusiasts. The business model is non-commercial, funded by a non-profit institution, with no advertising or commercial transactions. The platform's growth potential lies in expanding scholarly content and user engagement through personalized accounts and interactive tools. Partnerships appear limited to the parent academic institution, with no evident commercial subsidiaries or related domains. The site’s detailed acknowledgements and named contributors enhance its credibility and scholarly value.

Security posture

The website demonstrates a mature security posture with mandatory HTTPS, secure login mechanisms, and GDPR-compliant cookie consent. No critical vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected in the HTML content. However, the absence of common security headers such as Content-Security-Policy and X-Frame-Options suggests room for improvement. No published security or incident response policies were found, and no security.txt or vulnerability disclosure mechanisms are present. The WHOIS privacy protection is justified given the academic and non-commercial nature of the site. Overall, the security posture is good but could be enhanced by adopting additional security best practices and transparency measures.

Recommendations

  1. Implement standard security headers including Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-Content-Type-Options to mitigate common web attacks.
  2. Publish a clear security policy and incident response contact information on the website to improve transparency and readiness.
  3. Add a vulnerability disclosure policy or security.txt file to encourage responsible reporting of security issues.
  4. Regularly audit and update third-party scripts and dependencies to prevent vulnerabilities.
  5. Enhance user trust by providing more visible contact information and terms of service.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art
Description
Richard Wilson Online is a digital catalogue raisonné project dedicated to the research and documentation of the works of the 18th-century British landscape artist Richard Wilson. It is funded by the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art and aims to provide an evolving, accessible scholarly resource including paintings, drawings, prints, biographies, exhibitions, and bibliographical resources related to the artist.
Key services
Online searchable catalogue raisonné of Richard Wilson's works, Access to biographies, exhibitions, bibliographical resources, Interactive collections map, Advanced search and browsing tools, User accounts for saving selections
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
JavaScript ES Modules, CSS, HTML5, ResizeObserver API
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Cookie consent banner implemented
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML
  • Secure login and registration forms (modal login)

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Tag Manager (GTM-P95D85)
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Transparency
poor

Site quality

Design
good
User experience
good
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
good
Professionalism
good
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is a specialized academic digital catalogue raisonné for Richard Wilson artworks
  2. Content is rich, well-structured, and professionally presented
  3. No contact emails or phone numbers explicitly listed on homepage or footer
  4. Privacy and cookie policies are present and GDPR compliant
  5. No terms of service or explicit security policies found
  6. No visible security.txt or vulnerability disclosure
  7. No advertising or affiliate marketing detected
  8. Uses Google Tag Manager for analytics
  9. No WAF or blocking detected
  10. WHOIS data unavailable, likely privacy protected
Technical notes

Notes

The website uses a custom or proprietary CMS developed by iBase Ltd, leveraging modern JavaScript ES modules and CSS for styling. It is mobile responsive and accessible, with good SEO practices including meta tags and canonical URLs. Performance is moderate, with no obvious blocking scripts or heavy resources detected. The site uses Google Tag Manager for analytics but does not employ advertising or affiliate marketing technologies. The lack of detected security headers is a technical gap. Hosting provider details are not discernible from the HTML content. Overall, the technical infrastructure is solid for an academic resource but could benefit from enhanced security configurations and performance optimizations.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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