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Security report for protonmail.ch

Proton AG · Technology · Switzerland

Low risk. 3 critical or high findings in Security headers and GDPR outside view.

Security score

80/100

Risk levelLow

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

Proton AG operates Proton Mail, the world’s largest secure email service with over 100 million users. The company offers a suite of privacy-focused services including encrypted email, calendar, cloud storage, password manager, VPN, and Bitcoin wallet. Proton AG is headquartered in Switzerland and emphasizes privacy by default, leveraging Swiss privacy laws to protect user data. The business model is subscription-based with a freemium offering supported by paid plans. The website is professionally designed, mobile-optimized, and rich in content, targeting privacy-conscious individuals and businesses globally. Technically, the site uses modern frameworks such as Astro and React, and supports multiple platforms including web, desktop, and mobile apps. However, the site currently lacks a valid SSL certificate and security headers, which are critical for secure communications. Privacy compliance is strong with a comprehensive privacy policy and GDPR adherence, though no cookie consent mechanism was detected. Overall, Proton Mail demonstrates a high level of business credibility and trustworthiness, supported by consistent WHOIS data and community engagement.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
43/ 100 · High
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

3 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing X-Frame-Options header

      Prevents clickjacking attacks

      What to do: Add "X-Frame-Options: DENY" or "X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN"

  2. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • High

      No Cookie Policy found

      GDPR requires clear information about cookie usage

      What to do: Add a dedicated cookie policy explaining cookie usage and purposes

    • High

      No Cookie Consent Banner found

      GDPR requires explicit consent for non-essential cookies

      What to do: Implement a cookie consent banner that appears on first visit

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching protonmail.ch

This scan found 14 issues across 5 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

€25per month

  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
100
Security headers
65
Email security
80
DNS health
90
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
43
Average
80

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Breach exposure

Leaked credentials and lookalike domains from OffSeq Breach. The counts are free; the detailed lists are paid add-ons.

Dark web exposure

Add-on

Leaked records that mention protonmail.ch, from OffSeq Breach.

Total records
51,956
Employees
81
Customers
1,436
Third parties
50,439
Weak passwords
8%

Latest record dated 2026-06-03 · 13 subdomains affected

See the 10 newest leaked credentials

A one-off add-on to this report that lists the most recent identifier and password pairs OffSeq Breach holds for protonmail.ch.

Select it in the checkout above.

Masked preview

  • –protonmail.ch2026-06-03
  • –protonmail.ch2026-06-03
  • –protonmail.ch2026-06-03
  • –protonmail.ch2026-06-03
  • –protonmail.ch2026-06-03

Breach keeps ingesting new leaks, so these numbers can grow between scans.

Open in Breach(opens in a new tab)Monitor on Breach(opens in a new tab)

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

Proton AG holds a strong market position as a leading provider of encrypted email and privacy services. Its competitive advantage lies in its open-source approach, independent security audits, and Swiss jurisdiction. Revenue is primarily generated through paid subscriptions, with a large free user base supporting brand growth and community trust. The company targets individuals, activists, journalists, and businesses requiring secure communications. Proton AG maintains partnerships within its ecosystem, including Proton VPN and its merchandise store. The company’s operations reflect a commitment to privacy advocacy and community involvement, positioning it well for continued growth in the privacy-focused technology sector.

Security posture

The security posture of the Proton Mail website shows strengths in encryption and privacy principles but has notable technical weaknesses. The absence of a valid SSL certificate is a critical vulnerability that undermines HTTPS security, potentially exposing users to man-in-the-middle attacks. The lack of security headers such as HSTS and CSP further reduces protection against common web threats. No known SSL vulnerabilities or outdated protocols were detected, and the site avoids vulnerable libraries. Incident response and security policy documentation are not explicitly found on the site, which could be improved to enhance transparency and readiness. Overall, while Proton Mail’s service architecture is secure, the website’s security implementation requires urgent improvements to align with best practices.

Recommendations

  1. Immediately obtain and deploy a valid SSL/TLS certificate to enable HTTPS and protect user data in transit.
  2. Implement essential security headers including HSTS, Content Security Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-Content-Type-Options.
  3. Add a cookie consent mechanism to comply with privacy regulations and enhance user trust.
  4. Publish clear security policies and incident response procedures accessible to users and security researchers.
  5. Enable DNSSEC and OCSP stapling to improve DNS security and certificate validation performance.

Contact details published on the site

Addresses
Legal name
Proton AG
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built using modern web technologies including the Astro framework and React, delivering a responsive and accessible user experience across multiple platforms. The site uses SVG images and a CDN for optimized content delivery. However, performance is slow with a load time exceeding 12 seconds and a large number of resources (315) and page size (~379 KB), indicating potential optimization opportunities. No common CMS was detected, suggesting a custom or proprietary content management approach. Hosting provider details are not explicitly available. SEO and accessibility are well addressed with proper meta tags, structured data (JSON-LD), and language localization. Technical risks include the lack of SSL certificate and security headers, which could impact user trust and search engine ranking.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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