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Security report for oulu.fi

Oulun yliopisto · Education · Finland

Low risk. 1 critical or high finding in Security headers.

Security score

82/100

Risk levelLow

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

Oulun yliopisto is a large, internationally active research university based in Finland, providing higher education and producing scientific knowledge and solutions. The website reflects a mature digital presence built on Drupal 10, integrating modern analytics and consent management tools such as Google Analytics, Matomo, and CookieInformation. The site is well-structured, mobile-optimized, and accessible, with clear navigation and professional design. Security posture is strong with HTTPS enforced and Cloudflare used for hosting and protection, although explicit security policies and incident response contacts are not published. Privacy compliance is robust, featuring a comprehensive privacy policy and cookie consent mechanism aligned with GDPR requirements. Overall, the domain registration and website content are consistent and trustworthy, representing a legitimate educational institution.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
88/ 100 · Low
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

1 finding rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching oulu.fi

This scan found 16 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

€25per month

  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
95
Security headers
55
Email security
75
DNS health
80
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
88
Average
82

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Breach exposure

Leaked credentials and lookalike domains from OffSeq Breach. The counts are free; the detailed lists are paid add-ons.

Dark web exposure

Add-on

Leaked records that mention oulu.fi, from OffSeq Breach.

Total records
1,187
Employees
106
Customers
660
Third parties
421
Weak passwords
10%

Latest record dated 2026-06-06 · 52 subdomains affected

See the 10 newest leaked credentials

A one-off add-on to this report that lists the most recent identifier and password pairs OffSeq Breach holds for oulu.fi.

Select it in the checkout above.

Masked preview

  • –adfs.oulu.fi2026-06-06
  • –adfs.oulu.fi2026-06-06
  • –lists.oulu.fi2026-05-30
  • –adfs.oulu.fi2026-05-28
  • –moodle.oulu.fi2026-05-27

Breach keeps ingesting new leaks, so these numbers can grow between scans.

Open in Breach(opens in a new tab)Monitor on Breach(opens in a new tab)

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The University of Oulu operates in the education sector, targeting students, researchers, and academic stakeholders. Its business model focuses on education and research services, supported by collaborations with businesses and communities. The website content emphasizes research excellence, educational programs, and community engagement. The use of advanced analytics and consent tools indicates a commitment to data privacy and user experience. The university maintains a strong market position as a northern international research university with a large organizational size. No parent or subsidiary companies are indicated. The site’s trust signals include official domain usage, detailed privacy information, and clear contact points.

Security posture

The website demonstrates a mature security posture with HTTPS enabled and Cloudflare as a hosting and security provider. Cookie consent is managed with a detailed banner allowing granular user choices, supporting GDPR compliance. No critical vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected in the HTML content. However, explicit security headers such as X-Frame-Options and X-Content-Type-Options were not explicitly found in the provided data and should be verified. The absence of a published security policy or incident response contact limits transparency in security governance. No security.txt file or vulnerability disclosure program was detected. Overall, the site follows good security practices but could improve transparency and formal security documentation.

Recommendations

  1. Verify and explicitly implement security headers like X-Frame-Options and X-Content-Type-Options to enhance protection against clickjacking and MIME sniffing.
  2. Publish a formal security policy and incident response contact information to improve transparency and readiness.
  3. Implement a security.txt file to facilitate responsible vulnerability disclosure.
  4. Regularly audit third-party scripts and libraries to ensure no vulnerabilities are introduced.
  5. Enhance Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict resource loading and mitigate cross-site scripting risks.

Contact details published on the site

Addresses
Legal name
Oulun yliopisto
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Oulun yliopisto
Description
Oulun yliopisto on kansainvälisesti toimiva tiedeyliopisto, joka tuottaa uutta tieteellistä tietoa ja siihen perustuvia ratkaisuja sekä kouluttaa tulevaisuuden suunnannäyttäjiä.
Key services
Higher education degree programs, Research activities, Collaboration with businesses and communities
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
Drupal 10, Google Tag Manager, Matomo Analytics, CookieInformation consent management, Hyphenopoly.js
Frameworks
Drupal
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Cookie consent banner with granular controls
  • Use of Cloudflare for security and performance
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Analytics, Matomo
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Ad networks
Google
Tracking pixels
Matomo
Marketing tools
CookieInformation
Transparency
good

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is a professionally maintained university site with comprehensive privacy and cookie policies.
  2. Uses modern web technologies and analytics with user consent mechanisms.
  3. No signs of malicious or suspicious activity.
  4. Clear contact information including data protection officer email.
  5. No terms of service page explicitly found.
  6. No explicit security or incident response policy published.
  7. Good accessibility and mobile optimization observed.
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on Drupal 10 CMS, leveraging modern JavaScript libraries and analytics tools such as Google Tag Manager and Matomo. Cookie consent is managed via CookieInformation scripts, providing a user-friendly and GDPR-compliant interface. Hosting is provided through Cloudflare, offering performance and security benefits. The site is mobile-optimized with responsive design and accessibility features such as skip links and focus management in modals. Performance is moderate, with asynchronous loading of analytics scripts. SEO is supported by proper meta tags and Open Graph data. Technical debt appears low, but continuous monitoring of third-party dependencies is recommended to maintain security and performance.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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