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Security report for liu.se

Linköpings universitet · Education · Sweden

Low risk. 4 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view.

Security score

79/100

Risk levelLow

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

Linköpings universitet (LiU) is a well-established Swedish public university known for its innovative education programs, interdisciplinary research, and close collaboration with industry and society. The website reflects a strong institutional presence with comprehensive information targeting prospective students, researchers, and partners. The content is professionally curated, with clear navigation and multilingual support (Swedish and English). The university emphasizes societal impact and innovation, showcasing events, news, and alumni stories. Technically, the site uses modern web technologies including asynchronous JavaScript, CSS optimizations, and plausible analytics for privacy-conscious user tracking. The site is mobile-optimized and accessible, with SEO best practices evident in metadata and structured data.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
25/ 100 · Critical
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

4 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • High

      No Privacy Policy found

      GDPR requires a clear and accessible privacy policy

      What to do: Add a comprehensive privacy policy page and link to it prominently

    • High

      No Cookie Policy found

      GDPR requires clear information about cookie usage

      What to do: Add a dedicated cookie policy explaining cookie usage and purposes

    • High

      Third-party services without privacy policy

      Detected services: Facebook, LinkedIn

      What to do: Document all third-party data sharing in your privacy policy

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching liu.se

This scan found 14 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

€25per month

  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Full report

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
95
Security headers
75
Email security
95
DNS health
85
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
25
Average
79

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

LiU operates in the education sector as a large public university with a focus on research and societal collaboration. Its business model centers on providing higher education, research outputs, and partnerships with industry and community stakeholders. The university maintains a strong brand with consistent messaging and trust signals such as official contact details, social media presence, and transparent policies. The target audience includes students, academic staff, researchers, and external partners. The university's market position is strong within Sweden and internationally recognized for innovation. Growth indicators include active event calendars and alumni engagement. The partnership ecosystem is implied through collaboration mentions but no explicit partner domains were found in the HTML.

Security posture

The website demonstrates a mature security posture with HTTPS enforced and no visible security misconfigurations or exposed sensitive data. Cookie consent mechanisms are implemented, supporting GDPR compliance. However, explicit security headers like Content-Security-Policy or X-Frame-Options are not detected in the provided data, representing an area for improvement. No incident response or vulnerability disclosure information is published, which could enhance transparency and trust. The use of privacy-focused analytics (Plausible) indicates a commitment to user privacy. Overall, the security posture is strong but could benefit from formalized security policies and headers.

Recommendations

  1. Implement and publish explicit security headers such as Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and Strict-Transport-Security.
  2. Provide a publicly accessible security policy and incident response contact information to improve transparency.
  3. Consider adding a vulnerability disclosure policy or security.txt file to encourage responsible reporting.
  4. Regularly audit third-party scripts and dependencies to ensure no vulnerabilities are introduced.
  5. Enhance monitoring and logging capabilities to detect and respond to security incidents promptly.

Contact details published on the site

Addresses
Legal name
Linköpings universitet
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Linköpings universitet
Description
Linköpings universitet (LiU) är känt för innovativa utbildningar, gränsöverskridande forskning och nära samarbete med näringsliv och samhälle.
Key services
Higher education, Research, Collaboration with industry and society, Student support services
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
JavaScript, CSS, HTML5, FontAwesome, Plausible Analytics
Performance
fast
Mobile
excellent
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Cookie consent mechanism implemented
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML
  • No vulnerable libraries detected

Analytics and tracking

Services
Plausible Analytics
Tracking level
minimal
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Tracking pixels
Plausible Analytics
Transparency
good

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is professionally designed and well maintained
  2. Content is comprehensive and relevant to education and research
  3. Strong presence of contact information and social media links
  4. Cookie consent and privacy policies are implemented and accessible
  5. No signs of security blocking or WAF challenges
  6. No exposed sensitive data or vulnerabilities detected in the HTML content
Technical notes

Notes

The website uses a modern and performant technical stack with asynchronous and deferred JavaScript loading, CSS minification, and font preloading for performance optimization. The presence of plausible analytics indicates a privacy-conscious approach to user data. The site is mobile responsive and accessible, with clear semantic HTML and ARIA attributes for navigation and search. No explicit CMS is detected, suggesting a custom or proprietary content management system. Hosting details are not explicit but likely managed by the university or Swedish academic infrastructure. The site demonstrates good SEO practices with meta tags, Open Graph data, and structured JSON-LD for events. Overall, the technical implementation is robust with opportunities for enhanced security header deployment.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

Earlier scans of this domain

  1. 59/100Medium23 findingsView report
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