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Security report for grapheneos.org

Private by Design, LLC · Technology · United States

Medium risk. 3 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view and SSL/TLS.

Security score

75/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

GrapheneOS is a US-based non-profit organization developing a privacy and security focused mobile operating system compatible with Android apps. Founded in 2014 and operating under Private by Design, LLC, it offers a niche product targeting privacy-conscious users and security researchers. The website reflects a mature, well-branded open source project with strong community engagement but lacks explicit privacy and cookie policies or direct contact information. Technically, the site uses modern web standards, including Subresource Integrity and a manifest for PWA support, delivering excellent performance and mobile optimization. Security posture is good with HTTPS and sandboxing technologies, though DNSSEC is not enabled and security headers are missing. Overall, the domain registration is consistent and transparent, supporting legitimacy. The site does not use advertising or tracking technologies, aligning with its privacy focus.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
53/ 100 · Medium
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

3 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • High

      No Cookie Policy found

      GDPR requires clear information about cookie usage

      What to do: Add a dedicated cookie policy explaining cookie usage and purposes

    • High

      No Cookie Consent Banner found

      GDPR requires explicit consent for non-essential cookies

      What to do: Implement a cookie consent banner that appears on first visit

  2. SSL/TLS

    TLS encrypts the connection and proves the site is really yours. Weak or expiring certificates trigger browser warnings and put traffic at risk.

    • High

      Weak SSL Key Length

      SSL certificate uses 256-bit key, which is considered weak

      What to do: Use at least 2048-bit RSA or 256-bit ECC key

      • CWE-326
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • Mozilla TLS: Mozilla Server Side TLS 6.0 intermediate: rsa_key_size 2048

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Keep watching grapheneos.org

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
75
Security headers
90
Email security
100
DNS health
90
Network security
40
GDPR outside view
53
Average
75

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

GrapheneOS occupies a specialized market segment as a privacy-first mobile OS alternative to mainstream Android distributions. Its non-profit open source model emphasizes transparency and community trust. The project’s key services include OS development, security research, and privacy-focused app creation. The company maintains a broad social media presence and community forums, enhancing user engagement and support. The absence of commercial advertising and tracking tools aligns with its privacy-centric ethos. Growth potential lies in expanding device support and increasing awareness among privacy-conscious consumers. Partnerships appear limited to community and open source ecosystems, with no commercial subsidiaries or related domains identified.

Security posture

The website demonstrates a solid security foundation with HTTPS enforced and use of Subresource Integrity for critical assets. However, the absence of DNSSEC and security headers such as Content-Security-Policy and Strict-Transport-Security represents areas for improvement. No forms or data collection mechanisms reduce attack surface, but lack of published security policies or incident response contacts limits transparency. No vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected. The project’s refusal to include Google Play services by default and use of sandboxed alternatives enhances user security. Overall, the security posture is strong but could benefit from enhanced header configurations and published security documentation.

Recommendations

  1. Enable DNSSEC on the domain to improve DNS security and integrity.
  2. Publish comprehensive privacy and cookie policies including consent mechanisms to improve compliance.
  3. Add security headers such as Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and Strict-Transport-Security to harden the website.
  4. Provide explicit contact information for security incidents and general inquiries to enhance trust and incident response readiness.
  5. Consider publishing a formal security policy and vulnerability disclosure program to encourage responsible reporting and transparency.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Private by Design, LLC
Description
GrapheneOS is a privacy and security focused mobile OS with Android app compatibility developed as a non-profit open source project. It focuses on research and development of privacy and security technology including improvements to sandboxing, exploit mitigations, and permission models. It also develops privacy/security focused apps such as a hardened Chromium browser variant, PDF viewer, and camera app.
Key services
Mobile operating system development, Security and privacy technology research, Development of hardened privacy-focused apps, Open source software distribution
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript (ES Modules), SHA-256 Subresource Integrity, Manifest (PWA support)
Platforms
Web
Performance
fast
Mobile
excellent
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced (implied by URL)
  • Use of Subresource Integrity (SRI) for CSS and JS
  • No Google Play services included by default
  • Sandboxed Google Play compatibility layer

Analytics and tracking

Tracking level
minimal
Privacy practices
poor

Advertising

Transparency
poor

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is fully accessible with rich content and clear navigation
  2. No privacy, cookie, or terms of service policies found on main site
  3. No contact emails or phone numbers explicitly listed
  4. Strong focus on privacy and security technology with open source transparency
  5. No advertising or tracking technologies detected
  6. Social media presence is broad and consistent with brand
  7. No security headers detected in provided data, potential area for improvement
  8. No forms detected on main page, indicating minimal data collection
  9. Use of Subresource Integrity for CSS and JS assets indicates good security practice
  10. Domain registration is transparent and consistent with business claims
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built with modern web technologies including HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript modules with Subresource Integrity, indicating attention to security and performance. The presence of a web manifest suggests PWA capabilities. The site is fast, mobile-optimized, and accessible with clear navigation and professional design. No CMS or hosting provider details were detected. The absence of analytics or tracking scripts aligns with the privacy-first philosophy but limits marketing insights. Technical debt appears low with no broken elements or errors observed. Opportunities exist to improve security headers and implement DNSSEC. Overall, the technical infrastructure supports a secure, performant, and user-friendly experience consistent with the project’s goals.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

Earlier scans of this domain

  1. 75/100Medium20 findingsView report
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