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Security report for fh-hwz.ch

HWZ Hochschule für Wirtschaft Zürich · Education · Switzerland

Medium risk. 4 critical or high findings in SSL/TLS and Security headers.

Security score

51/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

HWZ Hochschule für Wirtschaft Zürich is a well-established higher education institution based in Zurich, Switzerland, specializing in business and economics education. The website presents a professional image with a clear focus on educational offerings, practical experience, and networking opportunities. The target audience primarily includes students and professionals seeking business education. The institution maintains a solid market position within the Swiss education sector, supported by a consistent brand presence and comprehensive content.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
83/ 100 · Low
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

4 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. SSL/TLS

    TLS encrypts the connection and proves the site is really yours. Weak or expiring certificates trigger browser warnings and put traffic at risk.

    • Critical

      Unable to retrieve SSL certificate

      Could not establish secure connection to retrieve certificate information

      What to do: Check if the server is accessible and SSL/TLS is properly configured

  2. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing X-Frame-Options header

      Prevents clickjacking attacks

      What to do: Add "X-Frame-Options: DENY" or "X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN"

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching fh-hwz.ch

This scan found 18 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

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Recommended

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
0
Security headers
15
Email security
80
DNS health
85
Network security
40
GDPR outside view
83
Average
51

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The institution operates on a traditional educational business model, offering degree programs and continuing education. It leverages a strong network and practical orientation to differentiate itself. The website's use of modern web technologies and cookie consent mechanisms indicates a commitment to digital maturity and regulatory compliance. The presence of multiple analytics and tracking services suggests an active approach to user engagement and marketing. However, explicit contact details such as emails and phone numbers are not prominently displayed, relying instead on contact forms.

Security posture

The website enforces HTTPS with excellent SSL configuration and implements multiple security headers, reflecting a strong security posture. Cookie consent is managed via Cookiebot, providing granular user control and GDPR compliance. No critical vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected in the HTML content. However, the absence of a published security policy or incident response contact information indicates areas for improvement in transparency and readiness. Overall, the security maturity is good but could benefit from enhanced documentation and accessibility features.

Recommendations

  1. Publish a dedicated security policy page outlining security practices and commitments.
  2. Provide clear incident response contact channels such as security@ or abuse@ email addresses.
  3. Enhance website accessibility to meet higher standards for users with disabilities.
  4. Add explicit terms of service to clarify user rights and obligations.
  5. Maintain transparency by including direct contact information such as official emails and phone numbers.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
HWZ Hochschule für Wirtschaft Zürich
Description
Wir bieten Ihnen ein breites Bildungsangebot, viel Praxis und ein grosses Netzwerk. Direkt am HB Zürich.
Key services
Business education, Continuing education, Networking opportunities
Content quality
good
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
Nuxt.js, JavaScript, Google Tag Manager, Cookiebot
Frameworks
Vue.js, Nuxt.js
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
basic
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Cookie consent with granular controls
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Analytics (via GTM), Chartbeat, Siteimprove Analytics
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Tracking pixels
Cookiebot, Chartbeat
Marketing tools
Cookiebot
Transparency
good

Site quality

Design
good
User experience
good
Content relevance
good
Navigation
good
Professionalism
good
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website uses modern JavaScript frameworks (Nuxt.js/Vue.js).
  2. Cookie consent is implemented with detailed categories and user control.
  3. Privacy policy is comprehensive and GDPR compliant.
  4. No explicit contact emails or phone numbers found in the HTML; contact likely via form.
  5. No terms of service page detected.
  6. No explicit security or incident response policies published.
  7. Use of multiple third-party analytics and tracking services with consent.
  8. No suspicious or malicious content detected.
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built using modern JavaScript frameworks, primarily Nuxt.js and Vue.js, indicating a contemporary and maintainable technical infrastructure. Performance is moderate with good mobile optimization and SEO practices. The use of Google Tag Manager and Cookiebot reflects an integrated approach to analytics and privacy compliance. No CMS was explicitly detected, suggesting a custom or framework-based solution. Hosting provider details were not discernible from the HTML content. Technical risks are minimal, but ongoing monitoring of third-party scripts and consent mechanisms is recommended to maintain compliance and performance.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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