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Security report for epaper.fi

ePaper Finland Oy · Technology · Finland

Medium risk. 9 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view, Security headers and 1 other check.

Security score

58/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

ePaper Finland Oy is a Finnish technology company specializing in digital replica magazine production, distribution, and marketing. Established in 2009, it serves a broad range of clients from large publishers to small companies, offering HTML5-based digital publishing solutions and a digital magazine marketplace (Lehtiluukku.fi). The company emphasizes ease of use, device independence, and integration with payment and subscription systems. Technically, the website uses standard web technologies including HTML5, JavaScript, and jQuery, with Google Fonts and Google Analytics for tracking. The site is well-structured and professionally designed but lacks explicit privacy and cookie policies, which impacts compliance. Security posture is moderate with no visible security headers and no disclosed incident response or vulnerability disclosure information. WHOIS data is transparent and consistent with the business claims, supporting legitimacy. Overall, the website is functional and professional but could improve in privacy compliance and security best practices.

Scanned

This is an earlier scan of epaper.fi. View the latest report

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
10/ 100 · Critical
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

9 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • High

      No Privacy Policy found

      GDPR requires a clear and accessible privacy policy

      What to do: Add a comprehensive privacy policy page and link to it prominently

  2. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing X-Frame-Options header

      Prevents clickjacking attacks

      What to do: Add "X-Frame-Options: DENY" or "X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN"

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

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Keep watching epaper.fi

This scan found 26 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
62
Security headers
15
Email security
85
DNS health
75
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
10
Average
58

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The company holds a strong position in the Finnish digital publishing market, targeting publishers, businesses, and consumers. Its business model combines B2B digital publishing solutions with a B2C marketplace platform. The presence of multiple contact persons and detailed company information indicates a mature business operation. Partnerships with printing houses and advertising agencies for product reselling expand its market reach. The company’s longevity since 2009 and consistent domain registration data support its credibility. However, the lack of visible certifications or security policies suggests room for growth in trust and compliance areas.

Security posture

The website uses HTTPS (assumed but not explicitly confirmed), but lacks important security headers such as Content Security Policy, HSTS, and X-Frame-Options. No security.txt or vulnerability disclosure policy is present, limiting transparency for security researchers. Forms are present for demo requests but no explicit anti-CSRF or input validation details are visible. Google Analytics is used for tracking without visible privacy disclosures. No exposed sensitive data or vulnerable libraries were detected in the HTML source. Overall, the security posture is moderate but could be significantly improved by implementing security headers, privacy policies, and incident response information.

Recommendations

  1. Implement and publish a comprehensive privacy policy and cookie consent mechanism to improve GDPR compliance.
  2. Add security headers such as Content Security Policy, HSTS, X-Frame-Options, and X-Content-Type-Options to enhance security posture.
  3. Publish a vulnerability disclosure policy and security.txt file to facilitate responsible security reporting.
  4. Improve mobile responsiveness and accessibility features to enhance user experience across devices.
  5. Regularly audit and update third-party libraries and tracking tools to minimize vulnerabilities and privacy risks.

Contact details published on the site

Addresses
Legal name
ePaper Finland Oy
Registration number
2237548-7
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
ePaper Finland Oy
Description
ePaper Finland Oy is a Finnish technology company specializing in the production, distribution, and marketing of digital replica magazines. Their solutions enable easy digital publishing using HTML5 technology without requiring additional plugins. They serve large and small publishers, companies, and offer integration with payment and subscription systems. They also operate the Lehtiluukku.fi digital magazine marketplace.
Key services
Digital replica magazine production, Digital publishing platform, Integration with payment and subscription systems, Lehtiluukku.fi digital magazine marketplace, Demo creation from PDF publications
Content quality
good
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
HTML5, JavaScript, jQuery, Google Fonts
Performance
moderate
Mobile
basic
Accessibility
basic
SEO
basic

Security

Observed score
60/100
Good practices seen
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML
  • Use of HTTPS assumed (not explicitly confirmed)

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Analytics
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
poor

Advertising

Transparency
basic

Site quality

Design
good
User experience
good
Content relevance
good
Navigation
good
Professionalism
good
Trustworthiness
moderate

Key observations

  1. Website is fully accessible with rich content and interactive elements.
  2. No privacy or cookie policies found, which is a compliance gap.
  3. Contact information is detailed and includes multiple contacts with roles.
  4. No security.txt or vulnerability disclosure information present.
  5. Use of Google Analytics indicates user tracking but no explicit privacy disclosures.
  6. No explicit security headers detected in HTML source.
  7. Domain registration data is consistent and transparent.
  8. Website targets Finnish market with Finnish language content.
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built using standard web technologies including HTML5, CSS, and JavaScript with jQuery and Google Fonts. It features a video background and interactive slider components. The site is not built on a known CMS and appears custom-developed. Performance is moderate with some modern features but limited mobile optimization. SEO is basic with meta viewport and title tags but no Open Graph or JSON-LD structured data detected. Hosting provider details are not disclosed. The site uses Google Analytics for user tracking. No advanced frameworks or platforms were detected. Overall, the technical implementation is solid but could benefit from modernization and enhanced SEO and accessibility practices.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

Earlier scans of this domain

  1. 58/100Medium34 findingsView report
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