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Security report for e-upisi.hr

Education · Croatia

Medium risk. 8 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view, Security headers and 1 other check.

Security score

60/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

The website e-upisi.hr serves as an educational portal likely focused on enrollment and educational services within Croatia. It is built using modern web technologies such as React and Webpack, hosted under the Croatian academic network registrar CARNET, which aligns with its educational purpose. The site employs Keycloak for session and authentication management, indicating a secure approach to user sessions. However, the visible content is minimal, with no privacy, cookie, or terms of service policies present, and no contact information provided on the main page. The technical infrastructure is modern but lacks visible security headers and comprehensive SEO or accessibility features. Overall, the site appears legitimate and targeted at students and educational institutions in Croatia, but it requires improvements in transparency and security best practices.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
25/ 100 · Critical
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

8 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • High

      No Privacy Policy found

      GDPR requires a clear and accessible privacy policy

      What to do: Add a comprehensive privacy policy page and link to it prominently

  2. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing X-Frame-Options header

      Prevents clickjacking attacks

      What to do: Add "X-Frame-Options: DENY" or "X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN"

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching e-upisi.hr

This scan found 25 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
72
Security headers
15
Email security
70
DNS health
75
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
25
Average
60

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The portal is positioned as a government or institutional educational service platform, likely serving a medium-sized user base of students and educators. Its business model revolves around providing enrollment and educational management services digitally. The domain registration by CARNET and the Croatian country focus support its credibility and market positioning. The absence of marketing or advertising tools suggests a non-commercial or public service orientation. Growth potential depends on expanding content, improving user engagement, and enhancing compliance with privacy and security standards.

Security posture

The security posture is moderate, with HTTPS implied and session management via Keycloak, a robust identity and access management solution. However, the lack of visible security headers and absence of explicit privacy and cookie policies indicate gaps in security best practices and compliance. No vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected in the provided content. Incident response and vulnerability disclosure mechanisms are not evident, which could be improved to enhance security readiness and trust.

Recommendations

  1. Implement and prominently display privacy and cookie policies to improve compliance and user trust.
  2. Add security headers such as Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-Content-Type-Options to enhance protection against common web attacks.
  3. Provide clear contact information including emails and phone numbers for support and incident response.
  4. Improve accessibility and SEO metadata to enhance user experience and search engine visibility.
  5. Regularly audit and update the technology stack and dependencies to mitigate potential vulnerabilities.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Description
The website appears to be an educational portal, likely related to enrollment or educational services in Croatia.
Key services
Educational enrollment services, User authentication via Keycloak
Content quality
basic
Branding
moderate

Technology

Stack
React, JavaScript, Webpack
Frameworks
React
Performance
moderate
Mobile
basic
Accessibility
basic
SEO
basic

Security

Observed score
60/100
Good practices seen
  • Use of HTTPS (implied by URL)
  • Session management via Keycloak iframe

Analytics and tracking

Tracking level
minimal
Privacy practices
poor

Advertising

Transparency
poor

Site quality

Design
basic
User experience
basic
Content relevance
basic
Navigation
basic
Professionalism
basic
Trustworthiness
moderate

Key observations

  1. Website is a React-based educational portal with minimal visible content on the landing page.
  2. No privacy, cookie, or terms of service policies found on the main page.
  3. No contact emails, phone numbers, or physical addresses found in the HTML content.
  4. Session management is handled via Keycloak authentication iframe.
  5. No external advertising or tracking scripts detected.
  6. WHOIS data indicates a legitimate Croatian academic network registrar with a long domain registration period.
  7. No security headers detected in the provided data; SSL status is assumed but not confirmed.
  8. No forms or user input fields detected in the provided HTML snippet.
  9. No social media links or external marketing tools found.
Technical notes

Notes

The website uses React and Webpack for frontend development, indicating a modern and maintainable codebase. Hosting under CARNET suggests reliable infrastructure. Performance is moderate with basic mobile optimization and accessibility features. The site lacks comprehensive meta tags and SEO optimization, which could limit discoverability. No CMS or third-party marketing or analytics tools were detected, reducing complexity but also limiting marketing insights. The use of Keycloak for authentication is a strong technical choice for secure session management. Overall, the technical implementation is solid but could benefit from enhancements in SEO, accessibility, and security headers.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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