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Security report for duostories.org

N/A · Education · Germany

Medium risk. 7 critical or high findings in Email security, SSL/TLS and 2 other checks.

Security score

51/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

Duostories.org is a community-driven educational project launched in 2022 that supplements Duolingo language courses with community-translated stories. It targets language learners seeking additional practice materials beyond the official Duolingo platform. The project operates transparently with open source code repositories and an active Discord community for collaboration and support. Technically, the website is built using modern web technologies including React and Next.js, providing a responsive and user-friendly experience. Security posture is solid with HTTPS enforced and domain transfer protections in place, though improvements such as DNSSEC and enhanced security headers are recommended. Privacy compliance is basic, with a privacy policy present but no cookie consent mechanism detected. Overall, the site is safe, trustworthy, and well-positioned as a niche educational supplement, though it lacks formal business contact details and advanced compliance features.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
53/ 100 · Medium
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

7 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. Email security

    SPF, DKIM and DMARC stop others sending email that looks like it comes from your domain, a common route to phishing and invoice fraud.

    • Critical

      No email authentication configured

      Domain is vulnerable to email spoofing

      What to do: Implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC immediately

  2. SSL/TLS

    TLS encrypts the connection and proves the site is really yours. Weak or expiring certificates trigger browser warnings and put traffic at risk.

    • Critical

      Unable to retrieve SSL certificate

      Could not establish secure connection to retrieve certificate information

      What to do: Check if the server is accessible and SSL/TLS is properly configured

  3. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing X-Frame-Options header

      Prevents clickjacking attacks

      What to do: Add "X-Frame-Options: DENY" or "X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN"

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

  4. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • High

      No Cookie Policy found

      GDPR requires clear information about cookie usage

      What to do: Add a dedicated cookie policy explaining cookie usage and purposes

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching duostories.org

This scan found 21 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

€25per month

  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

Email alerts on material changes and an exportable JSON history of every change.

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
0
Security headers
35
Email security
40
DNS health
75
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
53
Average
51

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The project occupies a niche in the language learning ecosystem by providing unofficial, community-translated Duolingo stories in over 80 courses and multiple languages. Its business model relies on volunteer contributions and donations via Open Collective. The absence of direct commercial activity or formal company information suggests a small-scale, non-commercial initiative focused on community value. Partnerships with platforms like Discord and GitHub support collaboration and transparency. The project’s growth potential lies in expanding language offerings and community engagement. Market positioning is unique as a complementary resource to Duolingo, appealing to dedicated language learners and polyglots.

Security posture

The website demonstrates a moderate security maturity level with HTTPS enabled and domain transfer lock active, reducing risks of interception and unauthorized domain changes. However, the lack of DNSSEC and additional HTTP security headers such as Content-Security-Policy and X-Frame-Options indicates room for improvement. No vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected in the analyzed content. The absence of a published security policy or incident response contacts limits transparency in handling security incidents. Privacy compliance is minimal, with no cookie consent or GDPR-specific mechanisms observed. Overall, the security posture is adequate for a community project but should be enhanced to align with best practices and regulatory expectations.

Recommendations

  1. Enable DNSSEC on the domain to improve DNS security and prevent spoofing.
  2. Implement comprehensive HTTP security headers including Content-Security-Policy, X-Content-Type-Options, and X-Frame-Options.
  3. Add a cookie policy and consent mechanism to comply with privacy regulations and improve user trust.
  4. Publish a security policy and incident response contact information to enhance transparency and preparedness.
  5. Consider adding verified contact emails and phone numbers to improve business credibility and user support.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
N/A
Description
A community project to supplement Duolingo courses with community-translated Duolingo stories in multiple languages.
Key services
Community-translated Duolingo stories, Language learning support, Open source content and code
Content quality
good
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
React, Next.js, JavaScript, CSS, Web Fonts
Frameworks
Next.js
Platforms
Web
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
basic
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
75/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Domain transfer lock enabled

Analytics and tracking

Tracking level
minimal
Privacy practices
basic

Advertising

Transparency
poor

Site quality

Design
good
User experience
good
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
good
Professionalism
good
Trustworthiness
moderate

Key observations

  1. Website is a community-driven educational project supplementing Duolingo stories.
  2. No direct company or legal entity information is prominently displayed.
  3. No explicit privacy or cookie consent mechanisms detected.
  4. No contact emails or phone numbers found; community contact via Discord.
  5. Open source code and content repositories increase transparency and trust.
  6. No advertising or tracking services detected, indicating privacy-conscious approach.
  7. Security posture is good but could be improved with additional headers and DNSSEC.
  8. Content is safe and suitable for general audiences.
  9. No WAF or blocking mechanisms detected; site fully accessible.
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on a modern React and Next.js framework, leveraging server-side rendering and static assets for performance. The use of web fonts and CSS modules indicates attention to design and user experience. Hosting details are limited but the domain registrar is INWX GmbH based in Germany, consistent with the website’s European origin. Performance is moderate with asynchronous script loading and preloading optimizations. Mobile optimization is good, ensuring accessibility across devices. SEO is supported by comprehensive meta tags and Open Graph data. No CMS or third-party analytics services were detected, suggesting a lightweight and privacy-conscious infrastructure. Technical risks are low but could be mitigated further by adopting additional security and privacy best practices.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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