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Security report for ces.net

CESNET · Education · Czech Republic

Low risk. 5 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view, Security headers and 1 other check.

Security score

77/100

Risk levelLow

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

CESNET is a Czech association of legal entities providing advanced information and communication technology services primarily for science, research, and education sectors. It operates and develops an academic computer network and offers services including secure authentication, high-performance computing, data storage, and communication tools. The organization serves a large user base including students, researchers, academics, and university staff, positioning itself as a key ICT infrastructure provider in the Czech academic community. The website reflects a mature digital presence with professional design, clear navigation, and comprehensive service descriptions. Technically, the site uses modern JavaScript libraries and frameworks, supports mobile responsiveness, and integrates Google reCAPTCHA for form security. Security posture is good with HTTPS enforced and cookie consent mechanisms in place, though some security headers and explicit security policies could be improved. WHOIS data is unavailable, which limits domain registration trust analysis, but the website's professionalism and certifications like TÜV support its legitimacy. Overall, CESNET demonstrates a strong market position in academic ICT services with a well-maintained digital platform.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
40/ 100 · High
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

5 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • High

      No Privacy Policy found

      GDPR requires a clear and accessible privacy policy

      What to do: Add a comprehensive privacy policy page and link to it prominently

    • High

      Third-party services without privacy policy

      Detected services: Google Analytics, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube

      What to do: Document all third-party data sharing in your privacy policy

  2. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…
  3. SSL/TLS

    TLS encrypts the connection and proves the site is really yours. Weak or expiring certificates trigger browser warnings and put traffic at risk.

    • High

      Weak Protocols Supported

      Server supports weak protocols: TLSv1.1

      What to do: Disable TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1, and all SSL versions

      • CWE-327
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V12.1.1

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching ces.net

This scan found 15 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
77
Security headers
70
Email security
85
DNS health
90
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
40
Average
77

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Breach exposure

Leaked credentials and lookalike domains from OffSeq Breach. The counts are free; the detailed lists are paid add-ons.

Dark web exposure

Add-on

Leaked records that mention ces.net, from OffSeq Breach.

Total records
185
Employees
0
Customers
185
Third parties
0
Weak passwords
9%

1 subdomain affected

See the 10 newest leaked credentials

A one-off add-on to this report that lists the most recent identifier and password pairs OffSeq Breach holds for ces.net.

Select it in the checkout above.

Breach keeps ingesting new leaks, so these numbers can grow between scans.

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

CESNET operates in the education and technology sectors, focusing on providing ICT infrastructure and services to academic institutions and research organizations in the Czech Republic. Its business model revolves around membership and service provision to public universities and the Czech Academy of Sciences. The organization offers network services, computing resources via MetaCentrum, data storage solutions, cybersecurity tools, multimedia services, and identity management. CESNET maintains partnerships with government and academic entities, participates in international research infrastructure projects, and hosts or supports conferences and events. The website content and service offerings indicate a large-scale operation with a significant user base and data capacity. The presence of certifications and active social media engagement further reinforce its credibility and market presence.

Security posture

The website enforces HTTPS and integrates Google reCAPTCHA v3 on its contact form, enhancing protection against automated abuse. A comprehensive cookie consent mechanism is implemented, supporting GDPR compliance. However, the absence of explicit security headers such as Content Security Policy (CSP), HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS), and X-Frame-Options reduces the overall security hardening. No public security policy or incident response contact information is found, and there is no vulnerability disclosure or security.txt file, which are best practices for transparency and incident management. No vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected in the HTML content. The security score is good but could be improved by adopting additional headers and publishing security policies.

Recommendations

  1. Implement and configure security headers including CSP, HSTS, and X-Frame-Options to enhance protection against common web attacks.
  2. Publish a dedicated security policy page and provide clear incident response contact channels to improve transparency and readiness.
  3. Establish a vulnerability disclosure program or security.txt file to encourage responsible reporting of security issues.
  4. Enable and publicly document DNSSEC to strengthen domain name system security.
  5. Continue maintaining GDPR compliance and enhance user trust by regularly updating privacy and cookie policies.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
CESNET
Description
Poskytujeme pokročilé informační a komunikační služby pro vědu, výzkum a vzdělávání. Spravujeme a rozvíjíme akademickou počítačovou síť, zajišťujeme bezpečný způsob přihlašování k portfoliu našich služeb, nabízíme prostředí pro náročné výpočty, prostor datových úložišť a komunikační nástroje pro jednotlivce i týmy. Jsme sdružení právnických osob, našimi členy jsou veřejné vysoké školy a Akademie věd České republiky.
Key services
Síťové služby, Výpočty (MetaCentrum), Datová úložiště, Bezpečnost, Multimédia, Identita
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
jQuery 3.6.4, lightslider, fslightbox, dropzone, jquery.marquee, Google reCAPTCHA v3
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Google reCAPTCHA v3 on contact form
  • Cookie consent banner with customization
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Analytics
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Tracking pixels
Google Analytics (gtag.js)
Marketing tools
Google reCAPTCHA
Transparency
good

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is fully accessible with rich content.
  2. No WAF or blocking mechanisms detected.
  3. WHOIS data unavailable, limiting domain registration analysis.
  4. Strong focus on academic and research ICT services.
  5. Comprehensive cookie and privacy policies with consent mechanisms.
  6. Multiple social media channels actively linked.
  7. Contact form secured with Google reCAPTCHA v3.
  8. No visible security.txt or vulnerability disclosure page.
  9. TÜV certification displayed indicating quality assurance.
Technical notes

Notes

The website uses a modern JavaScript stack including jQuery 3.6.4, lightslider for sliders, fslightbox for lightbox functionality, dropzone for file uploads, and Google reCAPTCHA v3 for bot protection. The site is mobile responsive with viewport scaling scripts and accessibility features such as skip links and keyboard navigable sliders. SEO is supported by canonical links and meta tags, though no Open Graph or JSON-LD structured data was detected. Performance appears moderate with asynchronous script loading and optimized image formats (webp). The site does not appear to use a common CMS or hosting provider is not identified from the content. Overall, the technical implementation is solid with room for improvement in structured data and security headers.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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