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Security report for cbs.dk

Copenhagen Business School · Education · Denmark

Medium risk. 3 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view, SSL/TLS and 1 other check.

Security score

60/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

Copenhagen Business School (CBS) is a globally recognized Nordic business school offering a wide range of educational programs including bachelor, master, PhD, and continuing education. The institution is well-positioned in the education sector with multiple international accreditations such as EQUIS, AACSB, AMBA, CEMS, and PIM, reflecting its high academic standards and global reach. The website targets students, researchers, alumni, and organizations, providing comprehensive information about programs, research, and strategic initiatives. CBS operates a professional and content-rich website built on Drupal CMS, integrating modern web technologies and analytics tools to enhance user experience and data-driven insights.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
58/ 100 · Medium
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

3 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      No HTTPS encryption

      GDPR requires appropriate security measures for personal data

      What to do: Implement SSL/TLS certificate for HTTPS

  2. SSL/TLS

    TLS encrypts the connection and proves the site is really yours. Weak or expiring certificates trigger browser warnings and put traffic at risk.

    • Critical

      No HTTPS Encryption

      Website does not use HTTPS encryption, making all data transmission vulnerable to interception

      What to do: Implement SSL/TLS certificate and redirect all HTTP traffic to HTTPS

  3. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

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Keep watching cbs.dk

This scan found 20 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

€25per month

  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
0
Security headers
50
Email security
75
DNS health
75
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
58
Average
60

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

CBS maintains a strong market position as a leading Nordic business school with a diverse portfolio of academic offerings and research activities. Its business model focuses on education, research, and knowledge dissemination, supported by a robust digital presence. The website reveals a mature partnership ecosystem including links to executive education platforms, research portals, and international networks. The institution leverages marketing and analytics tools responsibly, with clear cookie consent mechanisms and privacy policies aligned with GDPR. The absence of direct contact emails or phone numbers on the homepage suggests a preference for structured contact forms and controlled communication channels.

Security posture

The website demonstrates a solid security posture with HTTPS enforced and cookie consent managed via Cookiebot, ensuring compliance with privacy regulations. No critical vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected in the HTML content. However, the absence of explicit security headers and a public security policy or incident response contact indicates areas for improvement. The use of up-to-date libraries and frameworks reduces the risk of known vulnerabilities. Overall, CBS shows a responsible approach to security and privacy, though formalizing security policies and disclosure mechanisms would enhance trust and readiness.

Recommendations

  1. Implement standard security headers such as Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-XSS-Protection to strengthen browser security.
  2. Publish a dedicated security policy page and provide clear incident response contact information to improve transparency and readiness.
  3. Add a vulnerability disclosure policy or security.txt file to facilitate responsible reporting of security issues.
  4. Regularly audit and update third-party libraries and scripts to mitigate risks from outdated components.
  5. Enhance accessibility features and mobile optimization to maintain excellent user experience across devices.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Copenhagen Business School
Description
CBS er en globalt anerkendt Handelshøjskole med et bredt fokus og dybe rødder i den nordiske model.
Key services
Bachelor and Master degree programs, PhD studies, Continuing education and executive courses, Research and publications, International exchange and partnerships
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
jQuery 1.12, Drupal CMS, Google Tag Manager, Cookiebot, Flexslider, Masonry, jQuery UI, Sidr (responsive menu)
Frameworks
Drupal
Platforms
Web
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced (canonical URL is https)
  • Cookie consent management via Cookiebot
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML
  • No visible vulnerable libraries

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Analytics, Hotjar, Microsoft Application Insights
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Ad networks
Meta Platforms, Inc.
Tracking pixels
Hotjar, Facebook Pixel
Marketing tools
Cookiebot
Transparency
good

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is professionally designed and well-structured
  2. Comprehensive cookie consent and privacy policy implementation
  3. Use of multiple international accreditations as trust signals
  4. No visible security or privacy red flags
  5. Strong focus on education and research content
  6. Use of Drupal CMS with common libraries and Google Tag Manager
  7. No contact emails or phone numbers explicitly listed in HTML content
  8. Social media presence on Facebook and LinkedIn
Technical notes

Notes

CBS's website is built on Drupal CMS, utilizing jQuery 1.12 and various JavaScript libraries such as Flexslider and Masonry for UI components. Google Tag Manager and Cookiebot are integrated for analytics and consent management. The site shows good SEO practices with meta tags and Open Graph data. Performance is moderate, with room for optimization. The responsive design and accessibility features are well implemented, supporting a broad user base. Hosting details are not explicitly identified, but the site uses HTTPS with a valid SSL certificate. The technical infrastructure supports CBS's educational mission effectively, though ongoing modernization and security enhancements are advisable.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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