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Security report for ville-fribourg.ch

Ville de Fribourg · Government · Switzerland

Medium risk. 6 critical or high findings in Security headers, GDPR outside view and 1 other check.

Security score

64/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

The Ville de Fribourg website serves as the official digital presence of the City of Fribourg, Switzerland, providing residents and visitors with comprehensive information about city services, events, administration, and urban planning. The site is well-branded and targets a broad audience including local citizens and stakeholders. It operates on a modern Drupal 10 CMS platform, integrating contemporary web technologies such as Video.js for media and Google Tag Manager for analytics. The site demonstrates good mobile optimization and accessibility features, ensuring a positive user experience. From a security perspective, the website enforces HTTPS and employs Google reCAPTCHA on forms to mitigate spam. However, it lacks explicit security headers and a published security policy or incident response contact, which are areas for improvement. Privacy compliance is partial; while a privacy policy and terms of service exist, there is no visible cookie consent mechanism, which may impact GDPR compliance. The domain registration data aligns well with the official city entity, supporting the site's legitimacy. Overall, the website is professional, trustworthy, and functional, with moderate technical sophistication and a solid foundation for public service delivery. Strategic enhancements in security policies and privacy compliance would further strengthen its posture.

Scanned

This is an earlier scan of ville-fribourg.ch. View the latest report

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
35/ 100 · High
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

6 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

  2. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • High

      No Privacy Policy found

      GDPR requires a clear and accessible privacy policy

      What to do: Add a comprehensive privacy policy page and link to it prominently

    • High

      No Cookie Policy found

      GDPR requires clear information about cookie usage

      What to do: Add a dedicated cookie policy explaining cookie usage and purposes

    • High

      No Cookie Consent Banner found

      GDPR requires explicit consent for non-essential cookies

      What to do: Implement a cookie consent banner that appears on first visit

    • High

      Third-party services without privacy policy

      Detected services: Google Analytics, Facebook, LinkedIn, Cloudflare

      What to do: Document all third-party data sharing in your privacy policy

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching ville-fribourg.ch

This scan found 24 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
65
Security headers
50
Email security
55
DNS health
80
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
35
Average
64

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The City of Fribourg positions itself as a key municipal government entity providing essential public services and information. Its business model is non-commercial, focused on governance and community engagement. The website supports multiple languages, reflecting the multilingual nature of the region. Partnerships with employment and cadastral services indicate an integrated municipal ecosystem. The site’s content and structure suggest a medium-sized organization with a stable market position as the official city portal. Growth indicators include active news updates and event promotion. The presence on major social media platforms enhances community outreach and transparency.

Security posture

The website exhibits a baseline security maturity with HTTPS enforcement and use of CAPTCHA to protect forms. The absence of security headers such as Content-Security-Policy and X-Frame-Options represents a missed opportunity to harden defenses against common web attacks. No vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected in the content. The lack of a published security policy or incident response contact limits transparency and preparedness communication. GDPR compliance is partial due to missing cookie consent mechanisms. Overall, the security posture is adequate for a government informational site but could benefit from enhanced policies and technical controls.

Recommendations

  1. Implement comprehensive security headers including Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-Content-Type-Options.
  2. Publish a clear security policy and provide incident response contact information on the website.
  3. Add a cookie consent banner/mechanism to comply with GDPR and inform users about tracking.
  4. Consider publishing a vulnerability disclosure policy or security.txt file to encourage responsible reporting.
  5. Regularly audit third-party scripts and libraries to ensure no vulnerabilities are introduced.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Ville de Fribourg
Description
Official website of the City of Fribourg providing information on living, urban planning, sustainability, administration, politics, events, and services for residents and visitors.
Key services
City news and updates, Event information, Administrative services, Urban planning and sustainability information, Public service announcements
Content quality
good
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
Drupal 10, Video.js, Google Tag Manager, Google reCAPTCHA
Frameworks
Drupal
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
80/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Use of Google reCAPTCHA on forms
  • Google Tag Manager for analytics

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Tag Manager
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
basic

Advertising

Transparency
basic

Site quality

Design
good
User experience
good
Content relevance
good
Navigation
good
Professionalism
good
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is fully accessible with no blocking or WAF challenges.
  2. Content is primarily in French with language switcher for multiple languages.
  3. Uses Drupal 10 CMS with modern JavaScript libraries.
  4. Includes Google Tag Manager and reCAPTCHA for analytics and form security.
  5. No explicit cookie consent mechanism detected.
  6. Contact form includes CAPTCHA for spam prevention.
  7. Social media links to official city accounts on Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn.
  8. No explicit security policy or incident response contact found.
  9. Privacy policy and terms of service are present but basic.
  10. No vulnerability disclosure or security.txt found.
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on Drupal 10, a modern and widely supported CMS, ensuring a robust content management framework. It uses Video.js for media playback and integrates Google Tag Manager and reCAPTCHA for analytics and security. The site is mobile-optimized and accessible, with responsive design and skip links for navigation. Performance is moderate, with asynchronous loading of scripts and optimized images. No major technical debt or deprecated technologies were observed. Opportunities exist to improve security headers and enhance privacy compliance mechanisms.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

Earlier scans of this domain

  1. 64/100Medium32 findingsView report
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