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Security report for refalo.legal

Refalo Advocates · Other · Malta

Medium risk. 6 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view, SSL/TLS and 1 other check.

Security score

53/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

Refalo Advocates is a Malta-based independent law firm offering a broad range of legal services including commercial, corporate, employment, and family law. The firm positions itself as a trusted advisor to clients, emphasizing personalized service and expertise in complex local and cross-border matters. The website reflects a professional and client-focused business model targeting individuals and businesses primarily in Malta and Europe. Technically, the website is built on WordPress with modern frameworks such as Bootstrap 5 and includes interactive elements like carousels and animations. The site is mobile-optimized and demonstrates good SEO practices. Security-wise, the site enforces HTTPS and uses secure contact forms but lacks explicit security headers and incident response policies. Privacy compliance is supported by the presence of privacy and cookie policies, though no active cookie consent mechanism is detected. Overall, the website is trustworthy and professionally maintained, with room for improvement in security policy transparency and cookie consent implementation.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
43/ 100 · High
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

6 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      No HTTPS encryption

      GDPR requires appropriate security measures for personal data

      What to do: Implement SSL/TLS certificate for HTTPS

  2. SSL/TLS

    TLS encrypts the connection and proves the site is really yours. Weak or expiring certificates trigger browser warnings and put traffic at risk.

    • Critical

      No HTTPS Encryption

      Website does not use HTTPS encryption, making all data transmission vulnerable to interception

      What to do: Implement SSL/TLS certificate and redirect all HTTP traffic to HTTPS

  3. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing X-Frame-Options header

      Prevents clickjacking attacks

      What to do: Add "X-Frame-Options: DENY" or "X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN"

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

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Keep watching refalo.legal

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
0
Security headers
15
Email security
85
DNS health
75
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
43
Average
53

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The firm holds a solid market position as an independent legal services provider with recognized certifications from The Legal 500 and Chambers Partners, enhancing its credibility. Its business model relies on expert legal advisory and client representation, targeting a niche audience requiring specialized legal services. The presence of a subsidiary, Cavalier Trust Services Limited, indicates diversification within related legal and trust services. The partnership with think.mt for website development suggests a professional approach to digital presence. The firm’s content and testimonials indicate a focus on quality client relationships and international legal expertise, supporting growth and reputation in the Maltese and European legal markets.

Security posture

The website demonstrates a mature security posture with HTTPS enforced and no visible exposure of sensitive data. However, the absence of key security headers such as Content-Security-Policy and X-Frame-Options reduces defense-in-depth. No explicit incident response or security policy pages are present, which could impact client trust and regulatory compliance. The contact forms appear secure but lack visible anti-bot or CAPTCHA mechanisms. Privacy policies are comprehensive and GDPR compliant, but cookie consent mechanisms are missing, which may pose compliance risks. Overall, the security posture is good but could be enhanced by implementing recommended headers, incident response disclosures, and cookie consent.

Recommendations

  1. Implement security headers including Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-Content-Type-Options to improve protection against common web attacks.
  2. Add a dedicated security policy and incident response page with clear contact channels for reporting security issues.
  3. Deploy a cookie consent banner/mechanism to ensure full GDPR compliance regarding cookie usage.
  4. Regularly audit and update all WordPress plugins and themes to mitigate vulnerabilities.
  5. Enhance form security with CAPTCHA or other anti-bot measures to prevent spam and abuse.

Contact details published on the site

Addresses
Legal name
Refalo Advocates
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Refalo Advocates
Description
Refalo Advocates is an independent law firm based in Malta, providing legal services with a focus on protecting client interests and delivering effective solutions to personal and business challenges. The firm offers expertise in commercial law, corporate law, employment law, and family law among other areas.
Key services
Commercial Law, Corporate Law, Employment Law, Family Law
Content quality
good
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
WordPress, Bootstrap 5, jQuery, Owl Carousel, AOS (Animate On Scroll), Contact Form 7, Sassy Social Share
Frameworks
Bootstrap
Platforms
WordPress
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
basic
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML
  • Use of secure contact forms

Analytics and tracking

Tracking level
minimal
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Marketing tools
Sassy Social Share
Transparency
basic

Site quality

Design
good
User experience
good
Content relevance
good
Navigation
good
Professionalism
good
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is professionally designed and well-structured.
  2. Content is relevant and targeted to legal services clients.
  3. No signs of malware or phishing.
  4. Contact information is clearly presented and verified.
  5. No explicit security or incident response policies found.
  6. No cookie consent banner despite cookie policy presence.
  7. Use of modern web technologies and CMS.
  8. Social media presence on LinkedIn, Instagram, Facebook.
Technical notes

Notes

The website uses a modern and widely supported technology stack centered on WordPress CMS with Bootstrap 5 for responsive design and jQuery for interactivity. Additional libraries such as Owl Carousel and AOS enhance user experience with animations and sliders. The site loads external resources from reputable CDNs and Google Fonts, supporting performance and reliability. While the site is mobile-optimized and SEO-friendly, accessibility features are basic and could be improved. Hosting provider details are not explicitly identified. Performance is moderate, with potential for optimization in resource loading and caching. Overall, the technical infrastructure supports a professional online presence but could benefit from enhanced accessibility and performance tuning.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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