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Security report for n-k.it

Network & Knowledge - Studio commercialista a Brescia · Other · Italy

High risk. 10 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view, SSL/TLS and 2 other checks.

Security score

30/100

Risk levelHigh

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

Network & Knowledge is a professional services firm based in Brescia, Italy, specializing in accounting, legal, and business consultancy services. Established in 2000, the company has grown to a medium-sized firm with over 70 professionals across 7 offices serving more than 1,200 clients. Their service portfolio includes traditional accounting, legal consultancy, labor consultancy, and specialized training through their Academy. The website reflects a mature and professional business with consistent branding and comprehensive service descriptions targeting businesses in the Brescia province. Technically, the site uses Joomla CMS with modern frontend libraries and frameworks, but lacks HTTPS support, which is a critical security gap. Security headers are present but the absence of SSL/TLS significantly reduces the security posture. Privacy and cookie policies are implemented with GDPR compliance. Overall, the site is content-rich and user-friendly but requires urgent security improvements to protect user data and enhance trust.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
0/ 100 · Critical
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

10 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • Critical

      No HTTPS encryption

      GDPR requires appropriate security measures for personal data

      What to do: Implement SSL/TLS certificate for HTTPS

  2. SSL/TLS

    TLS encrypts the connection and proves the site is really yours. Weak or expiring certificates trigger browser warnings and put traffic at risk.

    • Critical

      No HTTPS Encryption

      Website does not use HTTPS encryption, making all data transmission vulnerable to interception

      What to do: Implement SSL/TLS certificate and redirect all HTTP traffic to HTTPS

  3. Network security

    Services reachable from the internet are the first thing attackers probe. Anything open that does not need to be should be closed.

    • Critical

      Critical Service Exposed: MySQL

      Port 3306 (MySQL) is publicly accessible - MySQL - Database server

      What to do: Immediately restrict access to MySQL using firewall or VPN

      • NIS2 21(2)(e)
      • IR 2024/2690 6.7.2(f): Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690, Annex point 6.7.2(f): Network security
      • NIST CM-7: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 CM-7: Least Functionality
      • NIST SC-7: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 SC-7: Boundary Protection

  4. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
0
Security headers
60
Email security
50
DNS health
70
Network security
0
GDPR outside view
0
Average
30

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet · found on this site
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The company positions itself as a trusted local leader in professional consultancy services with a strong client base and a broad service offering. Their business model focuses on providing integrated services to enterprises and professionals, supported by a structured network and training programs. The firm leverages partnerships and social media to enhance visibility and client engagement. The domain age and WHOIS data support the legitimacy and maturity of the business. However, the lack of domain protection locks is a minor risk factor. The firm does not publicly disclose security policies or incident response mechanisms, which could be improved to enhance client confidence.

Security posture

The website's security posture is weak due to the absence of a valid SSL certificate and HTTPS support, exposing users to potential data interception risks. While several security headers are configured correctly, the lack of TLS protocols and session resumption mechanisms further weakens security. No known vulnerabilities or malware were detected, but the missing HTTPS is a critical issue. Privacy compliance is addressed with cookie consent and privacy policies, but no explicit incident response or vulnerability disclosure policies are found. The site uses secure cookies and modern security headers, indicating some security awareness. Immediate remediation of SSL/TLS and enhancement of security policies is recommended.

Recommendations

  1. Install and enforce a valid SSL/TLS certificate to enable HTTPS across the entire site.
  2. Enable modern TLS protocols (TLS 1.2 or 1.3) and configure OCSP stapling and session resumption for performance and security.
  3. Implement HSTS preload and review security headers to maximize protection against common web attacks.
  4. Publish clear security policies including incident response and vulnerability disclosure to build trust.
  5. Regularly audit and update CMS and third-party libraries to mitigate potential vulnerabilities.

Contact details published on the site

Addresses
Legal name
NETWORK AND KNOWLEDGE SRL. SOCIETÀ TRA PROFESSIONISTI
Registration number
REA BS 550553
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on Joomla CMS with Bootstrap 5, jQuery, Font Awesome 6, and other modern frontend libraries. It uses Google reCAPTCHA v3 for spam protection and Google Tag Manager for analytics. Hosting is on a PleskLin server running nginx. Performance metrics are missing, but the site appears moderately optimized with responsive design and accessibility features. SEO is supported by proper meta tags and structured data (JSON-LD). However, the lack of HTTPS and SSL certificate is a major technical deficiency. The site uses EngageBox for popups and CookieYes for cookie consent management. Overall, the technical stack is modern but requires security upgrades and performance monitoring.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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