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Security report for monarchie.lu

Cour grand-ducale de Luxembourg · Government · Luxembourg

Medium risk. 7 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view, SSL/TLS and 1 other check.

Security score

53/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

The website monarchie.lu is the official online presence of the Grand-Ducal Court of Luxembourg, providing authoritative information about the Grand-Ducal family, the constitutional monarchy, and related governmental activities. It serves as a key communication channel for citizens and interested parties, offering news, official reports, and educational content including a dedicated kids subdomain. The site is well-positioned as a trusted government resource with consistent branding and multilingual support. Technically, the site is built on Drupal 10, leveraging modern web technologies and includes accessibility features and mobile optimization. It uses Matomo analytics with privacy-conscious configurations. Hosting is managed via Luxembourg government infrastructure, ensuring alignment with the official nature of the content. Performance is moderate with good SEO and metadata implementation. From a security perspective, the site enforces HTTPS and employs cookie consent mechanisms. However, it lacks explicit security headers, a published security policy, or vulnerability disclosure information. No critical vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected. Privacy compliance is good with GDPR considerations evident in cookie management and privacy policy presence. Overall, the website demonstrates a high level of professionalism, trustworthiness, and compliance suitable for a government entity. Strategic improvements in security transparency and incident response communication would further enhance its posture.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
25/ 100 · Critical
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

7 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • High

      No Privacy Policy found

      GDPR requires a clear and accessible privacy policy

      What to do: Add a comprehensive privacy policy page and link to it prominently

  2. SSL/TLS

    TLS encrypts the connection and proves the site is really yours. Weak or expiring certificates trigger browser warnings and put traffic at risk.

    • Critical

      Unable to retrieve SSL certificate

      Could not establish secure connection to retrieve certificate information

      What to do: Check if the server is accessible and SSL/TLS is properly configured

  3. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching monarchie.lu

This scan found 19 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

€25per month

  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
0
Security headers
35
Email security
70
DNS health
85
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
25
Average
53

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

Monarchie.lu operates as an essential government entity website, representing the Grand-Ducal Court of Luxembourg. Its market position is unique as the official source of information on the Luxembourg monarchy, targeting citizens, residents, and international audiences interested in Luxembourg's constitutional monarchy. The business model is informational and public service oriented, with no commercial transactions. Revenue streams are not applicable. The site supports growth in public engagement through multilingual content and educational outreach (kids.monarchie.lu). Partnerships are primarily governmental and social media platforms for outreach. The site reflects a stable and authoritative presence with consistent branding and high content quality.

Security posture

The website exhibits a mature security posture with HTTPS enforced and privacy-respecting analytics. The absence of exposed sensitive data and use of cookie consent mechanisms align with GDPR requirements. However, the lack of explicit security headers (e.g., CSP, X-Frame-Options), absence of a published security policy, and no vulnerability disclosure or security.txt file indicate areas for improvement. Incident response readiness is not publicly documented. Overall, the site is secure for its informational purpose but could enhance transparency and proactive security communication to meet best practices for government websites.

Recommendations

  1. Implement and publish a comprehensive security policy page detailing security practices and incident response.
  2. Add standard security headers such as Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and Strict-Transport-Security.
  3. Create and host a security.txt file to facilitate vulnerability disclosures and security communications.
  4. Provide explicit contact channels for security incidents (e.g., security@ or abuse@ email addresses).
  5. Regularly audit third-party scripts and dependencies to ensure no vulnerabilities are introduced.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Cour grand-ducale de Luxembourg
Description
Site officiel de la famille grand-ducale luxembourgeoise, le rôle de Chef de l'Etat du Grand-Duc. Toute l'actualité du Grand-Duc, Chef d'État du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, de la Grande-Duchesse et des membres de la famille. Informations sur la Monarchie luxembourgeoise et ses anciens souverains.
Key services
News and updates about the Grand-Ducal family, Information on the monarchy and constitutional role, Access to official reports and documents, Contact and communication with the Grand-Ducal Court
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
Drupal 10, Matomo Analytics, Vimeo Player
Frameworks
Drupal
Performance
moderate
Mobile
excellent
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Cookie consent with disableCookies option in Matomo
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML
  • No vulnerable libraries detected

Analytics and tracking

Services
Matomo
Tracking level
minimal
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Tracking pixels
Matomo
Marketing tools
Matomo Analytics
Transparency
basic

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Official government website for Luxembourg monarchy with multilingual support (FR, LU, DE, EN).
  2. Uses Drupal 10 CMS with modern frontend technologies.
  3. Includes accessibility features and cookie consent mechanisms.
  4. No exposed emails or phone numbers found in HTML; contact via form only.
  5. Social media presence on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter linked.
  6. No explicit privacy or security policy pages beyond legal mentions.
  7. No terms of service or vulnerability disclosure found.
  8. No security.txt or incident response contact found.
  9. No advertising or affiliate programs detected.
  10. Matomo analytics used with cookie disabling option for privacy.
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on Drupal 10 CMS, indicating a modern and supported platform. It uses Matomo for analytics, which is privacy-friendly, and Vimeo for embedded video content. The site is hosted on Luxembourg government nameservers, suggesting reliable and official hosting infrastructure. The HTML is well-structured with proper meta tags, Open Graph tags, and responsive design elements. Accessibility features are implemented, including language switching and accessibility settings. Performance is moderate, with some large images but optimized for different screen sizes. No critical technical debt or outdated libraries were detected. Opportunities exist to enhance security headers and formalize security documentation.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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