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Security report for malaga.eu

Ayuntamiento de Málaga · Government · Spain

Medium risk. 7 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view, Security headers and 1 other check.

Security score

71/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

The Ayuntamiento de Málaga website serves as the official digital portal for the municipal government of Málaga, Spain. It provides comprehensive information about the city's governance, news, events, and citizen services including an electronic headquarters for administrative procedures. The site targets local citizens, businesses, and visitors, positioning itself as a trusted source for municipal information and services. The presence of multiple official social media channels and integration of modern web technologies reflects a mature digital infrastructure. Technically, the website employs a combination of established JavaScript libraries such as jQuery and Bootstrap, along with specialized tools like TinyMCE and Google reCAPTCHA, indicating a focus on usability and security. The CMS appears to be a proprietary or specialized platform (SAGA Suite), tailored for municipal needs. The site is mobile-optimized and accessible, with good SEO practices. From a security perspective, the site uses HTTPS and includes bot protection mechanisms. However, it lacks visible security headers and a cookie consent mechanism, which are important for GDPR compliance and enhanced security posture. The WHOIS data is privacy-protected as per EURid policies, which is typical for .eu domains and justified for a government entity. No signs of blocking or WAF interference were detected, allowing full content access. Overall, the website demonstrates a solid business credibility and technical foundation, with room for improvement in privacy compliance and security best practices. Strategic enhancements in these areas would further strengthen trust and regulatory adherence.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
10/ 100 · Critical
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

7 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • High

      No Privacy Policy found

      GDPR requires a clear and accessible privacy policy

      What to do: Add a comprehensive privacy policy page and link to it prominently

    • High

      No Cookie Policy found

      GDPR requires clear information about cookie usage

      What to do: Add a dedicated cookie policy explaining cookie usage and purposes

    • High

      No Cookie Consent Banner found

      GDPR requires explicit consent for non-essential cookies

      What to do: Implement a cookie consent banner that appears on first visit

  2. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing X-Frame-Options header

      Prevents clickjacking attacks

      What to do: Add "X-Frame-Options: DENY" or "X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN"

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching malaga.eu

This scan found 17 issues across 5 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
72
Security headers
60
Email security
100
DNS health
85
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
10
Average
71

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Breach exposure

Leaked credentials and lookalike domains from OffSeq Breach. The counts are free; the detailed lists are paid add-ons.

Dark web exposure

Add-on

Leaked records that mention malaga.eu, from OffSeq Breach.

Total records
360
Employees
0
Customers
315
Third parties
45
Weak passwords
23%

27 subdomains affected

See the 10 newest leaked credentials

A one-off add-on to this report that lists the most recent identifier and password pairs OffSeq Breach holds for malaga.eu.

Select it in the checkout above.

Breach keeps ingesting new leaks, so these numbers can grow between scans.

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Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The Ayuntamiento de Málaga operates as a government entity providing public services and information to the citizens of Málaga. Its business model is centered on transparency, citizen engagement, and digital service delivery. The website supports multiple sectors including urban planning, cultural promotion, employment, and open government initiatives. The presence of partner domains related to European projects indicates active participation in regional development programs. The site’s extensive content and service offerings suggest a large organizational size with significant digital maturity. The integration of social media and mobile apps reflects a modern approach to public communication and service accessibility.

Security posture

The security posture of the Ayuntamiento de Málaga website is moderate to good. HTTPS is enforced, and Google reCAPTCHA is implemented to mitigate automated abuse. However, the absence of key security headers such as Content-Security-Policy and X-Frame-Options reduces protection against common web attacks. No exposed sensitive data or vulnerable libraries were detected in the HTML content. The lack of a cookie consent mechanism is a compliance gap under GDPR. Incident response and vulnerability disclosure information are not publicly available, which could hinder coordinated security efforts. Overall, the site is secure for general use but would benefit from enhanced security controls and transparency.

Recommendations

  1. Implement comprehensive security headers including Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-Content-Type-Options to strengthen defense against web attacks.
  2. Deploy a cookie consent banner and mechanism to ensure GDPR compliance and inform users about data collection.
  3. Publish a security.txt file or equivalent vulnerability disclosure policy to facilitate responsible reporting of security issues.
  4. Enhance incident response transparency by providing dedicated security contact channels such as security@ or abuse@ email addresses.
  5. Regularly audit and update third-party libraries and scripts to mitigate risks from outdated or vulnerable components.

Contact details published on the site

Addresses
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Ayuntamiento de Málaga
Description
Portal web oficial del Ayuntamiento de Málaga, ofreciendo información institucional, noticias, agenda, sede electrónica y servicios para ciudadanos y empresas.
Key services
Government information, Electronic headquarters (Sede Electrónica), News and press releases, Event calendar, Citizen services, Social media engagement
Content quality
good
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
jQuery 1.10.2, Bootstrap, TinyMCE, Google reCAPTCHA, Google Custom Search Engine, ReadSpeaker, Perfect Scrollbar, BxSlider, Parallax.js
Frameworks
Bootstrap
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
80/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Use of Google reCAPTCHA for bot protection
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Analytics
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
basic

Advertising

Ad networks
Google Adsense
Tracking pixels
Google Analytics (inferred from _analytics.js), Facebook SDK
Marketing tools
Google Custom Search Engine
Transparency
basic

Site quality

Design
good
User experience
good
Content relevance
good
Navigation
good
Professionalism
good
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Official municipal government website for Málaga city with comprehensive citizen services.
  2. Content is in Spanish with good accessibility and SEO practices.
  3. No WHOIS registrant data publicly available due to EURid privacy policy.
  4. No visible security headers detected; opportunity for improvement.
  5. No cookie consent mechanism detected despite GDPR relevance.
  6. Multiple official social media channels linked and embedded.
  7. Use of modern JavaScript libraries and frameworks for UI/UX.
  8. No signs of blocking or WAF challenges; site fully accessible.
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on a mature technical stack featuring jQuery, Bootstrap, TinyMCE, and other JavaScript libraries that support responsive design and rich user interaction. The CMS appears to be a specialized municipal platform (SAGA Suite), which may limit flexibility but ensures tailored functionality. Performance is moderate, with multiple sliders and embedded social media widgets that could impact load times. Accessibility features such as ARIA roles and keyboard navigation aids are present, enhancing usability. SEO is well addressed through meta tags and structured data. Opportunities exist to optimize performance further and modernize some legacy libraries.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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