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Security report for lyon.fr

Ville de Lyon · Government · France

Medium risk. 4 critical or high findings in Security headers, GDPR outside view and 1 other check.

Security score

75/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

The website www.lyon.fr is the official digital portal for the City of Lyon, France, providing comprehensive information on administrative procedures, cultural events, practical life, and urban projects. It serves residents and visitors with a well-structured, content-rich platform that reflects the city's public service mission. The site leverages Drupal 9 CMS and employs privacy-focused analytics (Matomo) with a robust cookie consent mechanism, demonstrating a strong commitment to user privacy and GDPR compliance. Technically, the site is modern, mobile-optimized, and accessible, though it could benefit from enhanced security headers and a published security policy. The WHOIS data confirms the domain's legitimacy and consistency with the municipal identity. Overall, the site presents a high level of professionalism, trustworthiness, and compliance, suitable for a large government entity.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
73/ 100 · Medium
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

4 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

  2. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • High

      No Cookie Consent Banner found

      GDPR requires explicit consent for non-essential cookies

      What to do: Implement a cookie consent banner that appears on first visit

  3. SSL/TLS

    TLS encrypts the connection and proves the site is really yours. Weak or expiring certificates trigger browser warnings and put traffic at risk.

    • High

      Weak Protocols Supported

      Server supports weak protocols: TLSv1.1

      What to do: Disable TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1, and all SSL versions

      • CWE-327
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V12.1.1

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching lyon.fr

This scan found 20 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

€25per month

  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

Email alerts on material changes and an exportable JSON history of every change.

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Full report

€39.90one-time

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Prices incl. 21% VAT. Secure checkout by Mollie; sold by SEQ SIA, Latvia.

Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
72
Security headers
50
Email security
75
DNS health
80
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
73
Average
75

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

Lyon.fr holds a strong market position as the official municipal website for one of France's major cities. Its business model focuses on public information dissemination and citizen engagement rather than commercial revenue. The site integrates multiple arrondissement subdomains, indicating a decentralized approach to local governance. The use of privacy-respecting analytics and comprehensive cookie management reflects a mature digital strategy aligned with European privacy regulations. The absence of direct contact emails or phone numbers on the homepage suggests controlled communication channels, likely centralized through authenticated user spaces. The site’s content and design quality support its role as a trusted government resource.

Security posture

The website enforces HTTPS and uses Matomo analytics configured for privacy by design, minimizing tracking risks. Cookie consent is granular and user-friendly, enhancing compliance. However, the lack of explicit security headers such as Content Security Policy (CSP), HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS), and X-Frame-Options represents an area for improvement. No vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected in the analyzed content. The absence of a published security policy or incident response contacts limits transparency in security governance. Overall, the security posture is solid but could be strengthened with additional headers and formalized policies.

Recommendations

  1. Implement and enforce security headers including CSP, HSTS, and X-Frame-Options to mitigate common web attacks.
  2. Publish a clear security policy and incident response contact information to enhance transparency and trust.
  3. Establish a vulnerability disclosure program, including a security.txt file, to encourage responsible reporting.
  4. Continue to monitor and update third-party libraries and frameworks to avoid potential vulnerabilities.
  5. Enhance accessibility and SEO by maintaining structured data and ARIA roles across all pages.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Ville de Lyon
Description
Site officiel de la Ville de Lyon fournissant informations sur démarches, actualités, vie pratique et actions menées à Lyon.
Key services
Information on administrative procedures, Cultural and social event announcements, Practical life information, Urban projects and actions
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
Drupal 9, Matomo analytics, Bootstrap (navbar classes), Tarteaucitron cookie consent
Frameworks
Drupal
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Privacy by design analytics (Matomo)
  • Cookie consent with granular controls

Analytics and tracking

Services
Matomo
Tracking level
minimal
Privacy practices
excellent

Advertising

Tracking pixels
Matomo
Transparency
good

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is official city government portal for Lyon, France
  2. Content is rich, well-structured, and professionally presented
  3. Strong privacy and cookie consent mechanisms implemented
  4. No signs of malicious or suspicious activity
  5. Use of privacy-focused analytics (Matomo) instead of Google Analytics
  6. Multiple arrondissement subdomains linked, indicating decentralized municipal services
  7. No direct contact emails or phone numbers found in homepage HTML; login form present for user account access
Technical notes

Notes

The site is built on Drupal 9, a modern and widely supported CMS, ensuring a stable and secure foundation. It uses Bootstrap for responsive design and Tarteaucitron for cookie consent management, reflecting adherence to privacy standards. Analytics are handled by Matomo, configured to avoid cookie deposition without consent. Hosting appears to be managed by a French provider, supporting local data sovereignty. Performance is moderate with good mobile optimization and accessibility features. The site could improve by adding more security headers and optimizing loading speed further. The technical stack is appropriate for a large government website with a focus on privacy and user experience.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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