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Security report for linkoping.se

Linköpings kommun · Government · Sweden

Medium risk. 5 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view, SSL/TLS and 1 other check.

Security score

57/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

Linköpings kommun operates the official municipal website for the city of Linköping, Sweden, providing comprehensive information and services to residents, businesses, and visitors. The site covers a broad range of municipal functions including education, urban planning, social services, and local politics. It serves as a key digital touchpoint for community engagement and municipal communication. Technically, the website employs a modern technology stack including Bootstrap for responsive design, Owl Carousel for interactive content, FontAwesome for icons, and a chat integration powered by Mitel Chat Toolbox. The CMS appears to be Episerver, a common enterprise CMS for government and large organizations. The site is mobile-optimized, accessible, and SEO-friendly, with structured data and meta tags properly implemented. From a security perspective, the site uses HTTPS and implements cookie consent mechanisms aligned with GDPR requirements. Privacy policies are comprehensive and clearly linked. However, explicit security policies, incident response contacts, and vulnerability disclosure mechanisms are not present. No critical vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected in the HTML content. Overall, the website demonstrates a mature digital presence with strong business credibility and privacy compliance. Recommendations include publishing explicit security policies and incident response information to enhance transparency and trust further.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
30/ 100 · High
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

5 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • Critical

      No HTTPS encryption

      GDPR requires appropriate security measures for personal data

      What to do: Implement SSL/TLS certificate for HTTPS

    • High

      No Privacy Policy found

      GDPR requires a clear and accessible privacy policy

      What to do: Add a comprehensive privacy policy page and link to it prominently

  2. SSL/TLS

    TLS encrypts the connection and proves the site is really yours. Weak or expiring certificates trigger browser warnings and put traffic at risk.

    • Critical

      No HTTPS Encryption

      Website does not use HTTPS encryption, making all data transmission vulnerable to interception

      What to do: Implement SSL/TLS certificate and redirect all HTTP traffic to HTTPS

  3. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
0
Security headers
70
Email security
75
DNS health
65
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
30
Average
57

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

Linköpings kommun holds a strong market position as the official municipal government entity for Linköping, Sweden. Its business model is public sector service provision, targeting residents, businesses, and visitors. The website supports multiple municipal sectors including education, urban planning, social services, and local governance. The organization benefits from a well-established brand and trust signals such as official logos and GDPR compliance. The site’s content and services indicate a large organizational size with extensive digital engagement. There is no evidence of commercial revenue streams or affiliate partnerships, consistent with a government entity. The partnership ecosystem is limited to municipal and local service domains. Growth indicators include active news updates and digital service expansions such as chat support.

Security posture

The website exhibits a solid security posture with HTTPS enforced and cookie consent mechanisms that respect user privacy and GDPR compliance. No security headers were explicitly detected in the HTML content, suggesting potential room for improvement in HTTP security header implementation. The chat service includes privacy notices, indicating awareness of data protection. Absence of published security policies or incident response contacts limits transparency. No vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were found in the analyzed content. Overall, the security maturity is good but could be enhanced by publishing formal security documentation and implementing additional HTTP security headers.

Recommendations

  1. Publish a dedicated security policy page outlining security frameworks and practices.
  2. Provide clear incident response contact channels such as security@ or abuse@ email addresses.
  3. Implement and verify HTTP security headers including Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and Strict-Transport-Security.
  4. Introduce a vulnerability disclosure policy or security.txt file to encourage responsible reporting.
  5. Continue enhancing privacy transparency and maintain up-to-date cookie consent mechanisms.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Linköpings kommun
Description
Linköpings kommuns officiella webbplats med information om kommunens service och verksamheter för invånare, företagare och besökare.
Key services
Förskola och utbildning, Bygga, bo och miljö, Omsorg och hjälp, Uppleva och göra, Näringsliv och arbete, Stadsplanering och trafik, Kommun och politik, Kontakt och support
Content quality
good
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
JavaScript, jQuery (implied by owl-carousel usage), FontAwesome, Mitel Chat Toolbox, Owl Carousel
Frameworks
Bootstrap (navbar classes and grid system), Owl Carousel
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
80/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS usage implied
  • Cookie consent with granular controls
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML
  • Chat form with privacy notice

Analytics and tracking

Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Transparency
poor

Site quality

Design
good
User experience
good
Content relevance
good
Navigation
good
Professionalism
good
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is an official municipal government site for Linköping, Sweden.
  2. Content is comprehensive and well-structured with clear navigation.
  3. Cookie consent and privacy policies are implemented with GDPR compliance.
  4. Chat support is integrated with privacy notices.
  5. No signs of blocking, WAF challenges, or security issues in the HTML content.
  6. No explicit security policy or incident response information published.
  7. No visible advertising or third-party marketing tools detected.
  8. Technical stack includes modern frameworks and accessibility features.
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on a modern and robust technical foundation using Episerver CMS, Bootstrap framework, and JavaScript libraries such as Owl Carousel and FontAwesome. The site is mobile-optimized and accessible, with good SEO practices including structured data (JSON-LD) and Open Graph metadata. Performance is moderate, with some room for optimization. The chat integration adds interactive customer support capabilities. No deprecated or vulnerable libraries were detected. The technical infrastructure supports a professional and user-friendly digital experience consistent with a large municipal government website.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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