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Security report for kopstal.lu

Commune de Kopstal · Government · Luxembourg

High risk. 8 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view, Network security and 1 other check.

Security score

49/100

Risk levelHigh

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

The Commune de Kopstal website serves as the official digital presence for the local government of Kopstal, Luxembourg. It provides residents and visitors with comprehensive information about municipal services, news, events, publications, and administrative procedures. The site is well-structured, professionally designed, and targets local citizens and stakeholders. The business model is typical of a government entity focused on public service delivery and community engagement. Technically, the website is built on Drupal 10, leveraging modern web technologies including Tailwind CSS and Alpine.js for frontend interactivity. It integrates Piwik PRO for analytics and Usercentrics for GDPR-compliant cookie consent management, indicating a mature digital infrastructure with attention to privacy and user experience. The site is mobile-optimized and accessible, with good SEO practices. From a security standpoint, the site enforces HTTPS and implements cookie consent mechanisms. However, there is a lack of visible security headers and no published security or incident response policies, which are areas for improvement. The absence of WHOIS data due to a failed query reduces domain registration transparency, though the official .lu domain and consistent branding support legitimacy. Overall, the website is a reliable and professional government portal with strong content and technical foundations but could enhance its security posture and transparency regarding domain registration and privacy policies.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
10/ 100 · Critical
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

8 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • High

      No Privacy Policy found

      GDPR requires a clear and accessible privacy policy

      What to do: Add a comprehensive privacy policy page and link to it prominently

    • High

      No Cookie Policy found

      GDPR requires clear information about cookie usage

      What to do: Add a dedicated cookie policy explaining cookie usage and purposes

  2. Network security

    Services reachable from the internet are the first thing attackers probe. Anything open that does not need to be should be closed.

    • Critical

      Critical Service Exposed: MySQL

      Port 3306 (MySQL) is publicly accessible - MySQL - Database server

      What to do: Immediately restrict access to MySQL using firewall or VPN

      • NIS2 21(2)(e)
      • IR 2024/2690 6.7.2(f): Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690, Annex point 6.7.2(f): Network security
      • NIST CM-7: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 CM-7: Least Functionality
      • NIST SC-7: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 SC-7: Boundary Protection

  3. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

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Keep watching kopstal.lu

This scan found 23 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
95
Security headers
50
Email security
70
DNS health
75
Network security
0
GDPR outside view
10
Average
50
After the cap
49

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet · found on this site
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The Commune de Kopstal holds a stable position as a local government authority serving a small community in Luxembourg. Its competitive advantage lies in providing centralized, authoritative information and services to residents. The business model is non-commercial, focusing on public administration and community services. Revenue streams are typical of municipal funding rather than commercial sales. The target customer segment includes local residents, businesses, and visitors seeking municipal information. Growth indicators include active event promotion and digital engagement through analytics and consent management. The partnership ecosystem includes local environmental and social organizations, as evidenced by partner logos. Strategic observations suggest a focus on transparency, community involvement, and digital modernization.

Security posture

The website demonstrates a moderate security maturity level with HTTPS enforcement and GDPR-compliant cookie consent. The use of Piwik PRO analytics with anonymization options reflects privacy-conscious data collection. However, the absence of explicit security headers (e.g., CSP, HSTS) and lack of published security policies or incident response information indicate gaps in security governance. No vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected in the HTML content. The missing WHOIS data is a concern for domain transparency and trust. Overall, the security posture is adequate for a government informational site but would benefit from enhanced security controls and transparency.

Recommendations

  1. Implement and configure HTTP security headers such as Content-Security-Policy, Strict-Transport-Security, X-Frame-Options, and X-Content-Type-Options to strengthen site security.
  2. Publish a comprehensive privacy policy page detailing data collection, processing, and user rights to improve GDPR compliance and user trust.
  3. Establish and publicize a security policy and incident response plan, including contact channels for security incidents or vulnerability disclosures.
  4. Investigate and resolve the WHOIS data accessibility issue to improve domain registration transparency and trustworthiness.
  5. Regularly audit and update third-party scripts and analytics tools to mitigate risks from vulnerable libraries or outdated components.

Contact details published on the site

Addresses
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Commune de Kopstal
Description
Official website of the Commune de Kopstal, providing information about the municipality, news, events, publications, administrative procedures, and contact details.
Key services
Municipal news and updates, Event announcements, Administrative forms and procedures, Urban planning information, Contact and support for residents
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
Drupal 10, Piwik PRO analytics, Usercentrics consent management, Google Tag Manager, Tailwind CSS, Alpine.js
Frameworks
Drupal
Performance
moderate
Mobile
excellent
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Cookie consent mechanism implemented
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML
  • Use of analytics with anonymization options

Analytics and tracking

Services
Piwik PRO
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Tracking pixels
Piwik PRO
Marketing tools
Usercentrics
Transparency
good

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is fully accessible with rich content and no blocking detected.
  2. Content is in French with language alternatives for Luxembourgish and English.
  3. Site uses modern web technologies and analytics with consent management.
  4. Contact information is clearly presented in footer with phone, email, and physical addresses.
  5. No explicit privacy policy page found but cookie consent is implemented.
  6. Terms of service or legal mentions page is present.
  7. No security.txt or vulnerability disclosure found.
  8. WHOIS data is missing or inaccessible, which is a concern for domain transparency.
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on a modern Drupal 10 CMS platform, utilizing Tailwind CSS for styling and Alpine.js for frontend interactivity, indicating a contemporary and maintainable tech stack. Analytics are handled via Piwik PRO with integration through Google Tag Manager, and cookie consent is managed by Usercentrics, reflecting compliance with privacy regulations. The site is mobile-optimized and accessible, with good SEO metadata and Open Graph tags. Performance is moderate, with asynchronous loading of scripts and responsive images. No major technical debt or deprecated technologies were observed. Opportunities exist to enhance security headers and improve WHOIS data transparency.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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