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Security report for inogs.it

Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS · Government · Italy

Medium risk. 5 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view, SSL/TLS and 1 other check.

Security score

56/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

The Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS) is a medium-sized Italian public research institute specializing in oceanography and experimental geophysics. The website reflects a well-established organization with a clear focus on scientific research, innovation, and public dissemination. It targets researchers, government bodies, and the general public interested in marine and earth sciences. The site is professionally designed with excellent content quality, clear navigation, and multilingual support, enhancing accessibility and user experience. Technically, the website is built on Drupal 9, leveraging modern web technologies such as Bootstrap and Matomo for analytics, indicating a mature digital infrastructure. Performance is moderate with good mobile optimization and accessibility features. Security posture is adequate with HTTPS enabled and no visible vulnerabilities, though security headers and explicit incident response policies are lacking. Privacy compliance is strong with a comprehensive privacy and cookie policy, though a cookie consent mechanism is not implemented. Contact information is clearly presented, including a dedicated Data Protection Officer page, reinforcing trust and compliance. The domain registration data aligns with the organization's public profile, supporting legitimacy. Overall, the website demonstrates a solid security and compliance posture with room for improvement in security headers and incident response transparency. The digital maturity and business credibility are high, making it a trustworthy source for its audience.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
43/ 100 · High
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

5 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      No HTTPS encryption

      GDPR requires appropriate security measures for personal data

      What to do: Implement SSL/TLS certificate for HTTPS

    • High

      No Cookie Consent Banner found

      GDPR requires explicit consent for non-essential cookies

      What to do: Implement a cookie consent banner that appears on first visit

  2. SSL/TLS

    TLS encrypts the connection and proves the site is really yours. Weak or expiring certificates trigger browser warnings and put traffic at risk.

    • Critical

      No HTTPS Encryption

      Website does not use HTTPS encryption, making all data transmission vulnerable to interception

      What to do: Implement SSL/TLS certificate and redirect all HTTP traffic to HTTPS

  3. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
0
Security headers
40
Email security
85
DNS health
70
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
43
Average
56

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

OGS holds a strong position as a national research entity with international collaborations, focusing on oceanographic and geophysical research. Its business model is primarily government-funded research and innovation projects. The website highlights key services such as scientific missions, real-time data monitoring, and publications. Partnerships with regional and international organizations are evident from linked domains. The organization targets scientific communities and policy makers, with growth potential in open science and data sharing initiatives. The presence of multiple projects and innovation clusters indicates active engagement in research funding and technology development.

Security posture

The website exhibits a moderate to good security maturity level. HTTPS is enforced, and no sensitive data is exposed in the HTML content. The use of Matomo analytics suggests a privacy-conscious approach to user tracking. However, the absence of security headers like Content Security Policy (CSP), X-Frame-Options, and HSTS reduces the overall security posture. No explicit incident response or vulnerability disclosure information is available, which could hinder rapid response to security incidents. The site lacks a cookie consent mechanism, which is important for GDPR compliance. Overall, the security culture appears adequate but could benefit from enhanced policies and technical controls.

Recommendations

  1. Implement comprehensive security headers including CSP, HSTS, and X-Frame-Options to strengthen defense against common web attacks.
  2. Add a cookie consent banner/mechanism to ensure explicit user consent for cookies, improving GDPR compliance.
  3. Publish clear incident response and vulnerability disclosure policies to enhance transparency and readiness.
  4. Regularly audit and update third-party libraries and scripts to mitigate potential vulnerabilities.
  5. Enhance visibility of security and privacy policies on the website to build user trust and demonstrate compliance.

Contact details published on the site

Addresses
Legal name
Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS
Description
OGS is a public research institute with an international vocation focused on oceanography and experimental geophysics. It conducts scientific research, innovation, and provides services related to marine and earth sciences.
Key services
Scientific research missions, Research projects, Innovation and technology development, Real-time data monitoring, Publications and dissemination
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
Drupal 9, Bootstrap, jQuery, Matomo Analytics, Pagespeed Module
Frameworks
Drupal
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
75/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enabled
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML
  • Use of Matomo for privacy-respecting analytics

Analytics and tracking

Services
Matomo
Tracking level
minimal
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Tracking pixels
Matomo
Marketing tools
Matomo Analytics
Transparency
basic

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is a public research institute site with comprehensive content.
  2. Uses Drupal CMS with modern web technologies.
  3. Has clear navigation and multilingual support (Italian and English).
  4. Includes social media links to official platforms.
  5. No signs of blocking or WAF challenges.
  6. Privacy and cookie policies are present but cookie consent mechanism is missing.
  7. No explicit security or incident response policies found on the site.
  8. Contact information is clearly provided in footer.
  9. No terms of service page detected.
  10. No vulnerability disclosure or security.txt found.
Technical notes

Notes

The website is powered by Drupal 9 CMS, utilizing Bootstrap for responsive design and jQuery for interactivity. It integrates Matomo analytics for privacy-focused user tracking. The site uses Pagespeed optimizations for performance. The HTML is valid and well-structured, with good accessibility features such as ARIA labels and keyboard navigation aids. Mobile optimization is good, ensuring usability across devices. The site lacks some advanced security headers and explicit performance metrics but overall presents a modern and maintainable technical infrastructure. Hosting provider details are not explicitly identified from the content.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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