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Security report for incibe.es

Instituto Nacional de Ciberseguridad (INCIBE) · Government · Spain

Low risk. 5 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view and SSL/TLS.

Security score

76/100

Risk levelLow

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

INCIBE (Instituto Nacional de Ciberseguridad) is a Spanish government entity dedicated to enhancing cybersecurity awareness, providing assistance, and managing cyber incidents for citizens, businesses, and public institutions. The website serves as a comprehensive portal offering resources, training, alerts, and incident response information. The organization holds a leading position in Spain's cybersecurity landscape, targeting a broad audience including citizens, enterprises, and educational sectors. Technically, the website is built on Drupal 10, integrates modern web technologies, and includes multimedia and social media components. The site is mobile-optimized and accessible with good SEO practices. Security-wise, the site enforces HTTPS and implements cookie consent mechanisms, though explicit security headers are not evident in the HTML content. The WHOIS data is restricted due to .es domain policies, but the domain's use and content strongly indicate legitimacy as a government site. Overall, the site demonstrates a mature digital presence with strong content quality and privacy compliance.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
40/ 100 · High
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

5 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • High

      No Privacy Policy found

      GDPR requires a clear and accessible privacy policy

      What to do: Add a comprehensive privacy policy page and link to it prominently

    • High

      Third-party services without privacy policy

      Detected services: Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube

      What to do: Document all third-party data sharing in your privacy policy

  2. SSL/TLS

    TLS encrypts the connection and proves the site is really yours. Weak or expiring certificates trigger browser warnings and put traffic at risk.

    • High

      Weak Protocols Supported

      Server supports weak protocols: TLSv1.1

      What to do: Disable TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1, and all SSL versions

      • CWE-327
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V12.1.1
    • High

      SSL Certificate Expires Soon

      SSL certificate expires in 4 days

      What to do: Renew SSL certificate before expiration

      • NIS2 21(2)(h)
      • IR 2024/2690 9.2(c): Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690, Annex point 9.2(c): Cryptography
      • NIST SC-17: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 SC-17: Public Key Infrastructure Certificates

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Keep watching incibe.es

This scan found 16 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
62
Security headers
80
Email security
85
DNS health
90
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
40
Average
76

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

INCIBE operates as a government agency providing essential cybersecurity services and awareness programs. Its market positioning is strong within Spain, serving as the national reference for cybersecurity. The business model revolves around public service rather than commercial revenue, focusing on education, incident response, and policy support. The website reflects a well-established partnership ecosystem with educational institutions and European projects. Growth indicators include extensive content offerings and active campaigns. The organization maintains a professional and trustworthy online presence, with clear branding and comprehensive resources.

Security posture

The website exhibits a solid security posture with enforced HTTPS and cookie consent mechanisms aligned with GDPR. The presence of incident response and vulnerability disclosure pages indicates a mature security culture. However, the absence of visible security headers like CSP or HSTS suggests room for improvement. No vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected in the HTML content. The site lacks a published security.txt file, which could enhance vulnerability reporting. Overall, the security maturity is good but could benefit from additional technical hardening and transparency.

Recommendations

  1. Implement and enforce security headers such as Content Security Policy (CSP), HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS), and X-Frame-Options to enhance protection against common web attacks.
  2. Publish a security.txt file at the root of the domain to facilitate responsible vulnerability disclosure and improve incident response coordination.
  3. Increase visibility and accessibility of official contact information, including dedicated security incident response emails or phone numbers.
  4. Conduct regular audits of third-party scripts and embedded content to ensure no vulnerable or outdated libraries are in use.
  5. Enhance accessibility features by adding ARIA landmarks and improving keyboard navigation to comply with WCAG standards.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Instituto Nacional de Ciberseguridad (INCIBE)
Description
INCIBE is a national cybersecurity institute focused on providing cybersecurity assistance, awareness, and services to citizens, businesses, and public entities in Spain.
Key services
Cybersecurity help line, Cyber incident response, Training and awareness, Cybersecurity tools and resources, Early warning and alerts
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
Drupal 10, Bootstrap (navbar toggler), CookiesJSR, Siteimprove Analytics, Google Analytics, Vimeo and YouTube embedded players, Twitter widgets
Frameworks
Drupal
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Cookie consent with granular controls
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML
  • Use of security-related content sections (incident response, vulnerability disclosure)

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Analytics, Siteimprove
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Tracking pixels
Siteimprove
Transparency
good

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is a government cybersecurity portal for Spain.
  2. Content is comprehensive and well-structured.
  3. No signs of blocking or WAF challenges.
  4. WHOIS data is restricted by Red.es policy.
  5. Cookie consent and privacy compliance are implemented.
  6. No direct contact emails or phone numbers found in the provided content.
  7. Drupal CMS is used with modern version 10.
  8. Embedded multimedia and social media integrations are present.
  9. Security headers not explicitly visible in HTML content.
  10. No visible terms of service page detected.
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on Drupal 10, a modern and widely supported CMS, indicating up-to-date infrastructure. It uses Bootstrap components for responsive design and integrates third-party analytics and multimedia services such as Google Analytics, Siteimprove, Vimeo, YouTube, and Twitter widgets. The site demonstrates good mobile optimization and accessibility practices. Performance is moderate, with potential improvements in loading speed by optimizing assets and scripts. The technical stack is robust for a government portal, but additional security headers and performance tuning could further enhance reliability and user experience.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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