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Security report for haveibeenpwned.com

Have I Been Pwned · Technology · N/a

Low risk. 3 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view and SSL/TLS.

Security score

81/100

Risk levelLow

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

Have I Been Pwned is a specialized online service that enables users to check if their email addresses have been compromised in known data breaches. Established in 2013, it has grown to become a leading resource in the cybersecurity space, offering breach data, password checking, notification services, and API access. The website targets general internet users concerned about their online security and privacy. The business model includes free access with optional subscription services for enhanced features. Technically, the site employs modern web technologies such as Bootstrap, Font Awesome, and Cloudflare services for DNS and CDN, ensuring fast performance and mobile optimization. Security is robust with HTTPS enforced, CAPTCHA protection on forms, and telemetry via Microsoft Application Insights, although some security headers and DNSSEC are not enabled. Privacy compliance is strong with a comprehensive privacy policy and terms of use, but lacks a cookie consent mechanism and explicit incident response contacts. Overall, the site demonstrates high professionalism, trustworthiness, and technical maturity.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
58/ 100 · Medium
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

3 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • High

      No Cookie Policy found

      GDPR requires clear information about cookie usage

      What to do: Add a dedicated cookie policy explaining cookie usage and purposes

    • High

      No Cookie Consent Banner found

      GDPR requires explicit consent for non-essential cookies

      What to do: Implement a cookie consent banner that appears on first visit

  2. SSL/TLS

    TLS encrypts the connection and proves the site is really yours. Weak or expiring certificates trigger browser warnings and put traffic at risk.

    • High

      Weak SSL Key Length

      SSL certificate uses 256-bit key, which is considered weak

      What to do: Use at least 2048-bit RSA or 256-bit ECC key

      • CWE-326
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • Mozilla TLS: Mozilla Server Side TLS 6.0 intermediate: rsa_key_size 2048

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This scan found 14 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

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Recommended

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
75
Security headers
80
Email security
87
DNS health
85
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
58
Average
81

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The company holds a strong market position as a trusted data breach notification service with a large database of pwned accounts and websites. Its key competitive advantage lies in its comprehensive breach data and easy-to-use interface. Revenue streams likely include subscription plans and partnerships, such as the prominent sponsorship by 1Password. The target customer segment is broad, encompassing individual users and organizations seeking breach information. The partnership ecosystem includes security and password management services. Growth indicators include continuous updates and integration of new breach data. Strategic observations suggest opportunities to enhance security posture by enabling DNSSEC and publishing vulnerability disclosure information.

Security posture

The website exhibits a mature security posture with HTTPS enforced, Cloudflare protection, CAPTCHA integration, and telemetry monitoring. No vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected in the HTML content. However, the absence of DNSSEC and some common security headers slightly reduce the security score. The lack of a published security policy or incident response contact information limits transparency. Compliance with GDPR is indicated by the privacy policy but could be improved with cookie consent mechanisms. Overall, the security posture is strong but can be enhanced by addressing these gaps.

Recommendations

  1. Enable DNSSEC on the domain to improve DNS security and prevent spoofing.
  2. Publish a security.txt file to provide clear vulnerability disclosure and incident response contacts.
  3. Implement a cookie consent banner to comply fully with GDPR and other privacy regulations.
  4. Add or verify presence of security headers such as Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-Content-Type-Options.
  5. Provide explicit contact information for security incidents to improve trust and transparency.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Have I Been Pwned
Description
Have I Been Pwned allows users to check whether their email address has been exposed in a data breach.
Key services
Email breach search, Domain search, Password breach checking, Notification service, API access
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
Bootstrap 5.3.3, Bootstrap Icons 1.11.3, Font Awesome 6.7.2, Switzer font via Fontshare, Cloudflare Turnstile CAPTCHA, Microsoft Application Insights, Cloudflare DNS and CDN
Frameworks
Bootstrap
Performance
fast
Mobile
excellent
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
90/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Use of Cloudflare for DDoS protection and DNS
  • Use of CAPTCHA (Cloudflare Turnstile) on forms
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML
  • Application Insights telemetry with exception tracking disabled

Analytics and tracking

Services
Microsoft Application Insights, Cloudflare Insights
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Tracking pixels
Microsoft Application Insights, Cloudflare Insights
Transparency
good

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is fully accessible and functional with rich content.
  2. Strong focus on user privacy and security.
  3. No direct company contact emails or phone numbers found on the main site.
  4. Social media presence is strong across multiple platforms.
  5. Use of modern web technologies and security best practices.
  6. No explicit cookie consent mechanism detected despite GDPR compliance claims.
  7. No security.txt or explicit vulnerability disclosure page found.
Technical notes

Notes

The website uses a modern and well-maintained technology stack including Bootstrap 5, Font Awesome, and Cloudflare services. Performance is optimized with CDN delivery and asynchronous loading of scripts. Mobile responsiveness and accessibility are well implemented. The site lacks a CMS, indicating a custom or static site architecture. Telemetry is integrated via Microsoft Application Insights with exception tracking disabled to reduce noise. No deprecated or vulnerable libraries were detected. Opportunities exist to enhance technical security by enabling DNSSEC and adding missing security headers.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

Earlier scans of this domain

  1. 83/100Low20 findingsView report
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