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Security report for harno.ee

Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium (EENet) · Government · Estonia

High risk. 18 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view and Network security.

Security score

49/100

Risk levelHigh

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

The website harno.ee is a government-related domain managed by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium) through its EENet network services. It appears to serve as a portal for educational and research network infrastructure in Estonia. However, the website content is currently inaccessible due to a Cloudflare Turnstile captcha security challenge, preventing direct content analysis. The domain is registered consistently with the governmental entity and has a domain age appropriate for its establishment in 2020. Technically, the site is hosted behind Cloudflare with security measures such as HSTS enabled, but it lacks a valid SSL certificate and modern TLS protocol support, resulting in no HTTPS availability. DNS records show a well-configured SPF and DMARC policy, but DNSSEC is not enabled. Performance is slow, and no content or business contact information is visible on the challenge page. Security posture is weak due to missing HTTPS and incomplete security headers, though email security policies are in place. Privacy compliance is poor with no visible privacy or cookie policies. Business credibility is moderate based on domain registration and affiliation with a government entity but is limited by lack of accessible content and contact details. Overall, the site requires improvements in SSL/TLS configuration, enabling DNSSEC, and publishing privacy and cookie policies. The current WAF challenge limits content accessibility and analysis, impacting trust and user experience.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
0/ 100 · Critical
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

18 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

  2. Network security

    Services reachable from the internet are the first thing attackers probe. Anything open that does not need to be should be closed.

    • Critical

      Critical Service Exposed: Telnet

      Port 23 (Telnet) is publicly accessible - Telnet - Unencrypted remote access

      What to do: Immediately restrict access to Telnet using firewall or VPN

      • NIS2 21(2)(e)
      • IR 2024/2690 6.7.2(f): Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690, Annex point 6.7.2(f): Network security
      • NIST CM-7: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 CM-7: Least Functionality
      • NIST SC-7: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 SC-7: Boundary Protection
    • Critical

      Critical Service Exposed: SMB

      Port 445 (SMB) is publicly accessible - SMB - Windows file sharing, high risk

      What to do: Immediately restrict access to SMB using firewall or VPN

      • NIS2 21(2)(e)
      • IR 2024/2690 6.7.2(f): Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690, Annex point 6.7.2(f): Network security
      • NIST CM-7: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 CM-7: Least Functionality
      • NIST SC-7: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 SC-7: Boundary Protection
    • Critical

      Critical Service Exposed: MSSQL

      Port 1433 (MSSQL) is publicly accessible - MSSQL - Database server

      What to do: Immediately restrict access to MSSQL using firewall or VPN

      • NIS2 21(2)(e)
      • IR 2024/2690 6.7.2(f): Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690, Annex point 6.7.2(f): Network security
      • NIST CM-7: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 CM-7: Least Functionality
      • NIST SC-7: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 SC-7: Boundary Protection
    • Critical

      Critical Service Exposed: Oracle

      Port 1521 (Oracle) is publicly accessible - Oracle - Database server

      What to do: Immediately restrict access to Oracle using firewall or VPN

      • NIS2 21(2)(e)
      • IR 2024/2690 6.7.2(f): Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690, Annex point 6.7.2(f): Network security
      • NIST CM-7: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 CM-7: Least Functionality
      • NIST SC-7: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 SC-7: Boundary Protection

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Keep watching harno.ee

This scan found 34 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
87
Security headers
70
Email security
65
DNS health
75
Network security
0
GDPR outside view
0
Average
50
After the cap
49

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet · found on this site
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

Harno.ee operates as a government service platform under the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research, focusing on providing network and IT infrastructure services to educational and research institutions. Its market position is that of a critical governmental infrastructure provider. The business model is service-oriented, supporting public sector digital infrastructure. The domain age and registration details align with the governmental nature, indicating legitimacy. The partnership ecosystem includes related Estonian educational and research domains. Growth indicators and revenue streams are not publicly visible due to restricted content access. Strategic observations highlight the need for improved digital presence and transparency to enhance stakeholder trust.

Security posture

The security maturity level is low to moderate. Key strengths include the use of Cloudflare for DDoS protection and WAF, HSTS enforcement, and strong email authentication policies (SPF and DMARC). However, critical vulnerabilities include the absence of a valid SSL certificate and HTTPS support, lack of DNSSEC, missing OCSP stapling, and no session resumption mechanisms. The site lacks visible privacy and security policies, and incident response contacts are not published. Compliance gaps with GDPR and other regulations are evident due to missing privacy and cookie policies. The security culture appears immature from a public-facing perspective, with room for significant improvement in transparency and technical security controls.

Recommendations

  1. Obtain and deploy a valid SSL/TLS certificate to enable HTTPS and secure user connections.
  2. Enable modern TLS protocols (TLS 1.2 or TLS 1.3) and implement OCSP stapling and session resumption for enhanced security and performance.
  3. Publish comprehensive privacy and cookie policies to improve GDPR compliance and user trust.
  4. Enable DNSSEC to protect DNS integrity and prevent spoofing attacks.
  5. Provide clear contact information for security incident response and data protection officer to enhance transparency and compliance.
Technical notes

Notes

The website is hosted behind Cloudflare, leveraging its security and performance services, including a Turnstile captcha for bot mitigation. The DNS configuration is robust with multiple SPF includes and a strict DMARC policy set to quarantine. However, the SSL/TLS configuration is critically lacking, with no valid certificate and no TLS protocols enabled, resulting in no HTTPS support. The site performance is slow with a load time exceeding 4 seconds, likely due to the security challenge and minimal content delivery. No CMS or frameworks are detected, and the site appears to be a static or minimal page serving as a gateway. Technical debt includes missing modern security headers and lack of accessibility and SEO optimizations. Modernization opportunities include full HTTPS deployment, DNSSEC activation, and improved content delivery and user experience.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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