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Eesti Rahva Muuseum · Government · Estonia

High risk. 9 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view, Security headers and 2 other checks.

Security score

47/100

Risk levelHigh

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

Eesti Rahva Muuseum (ERM) is a prominent national museum in Estonia dedicated to preserving and showcasing Estonian ethnography, culture, and history. Operated under the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research, ERM offers a wide range of exhibitions, educational programs, events, and visitor services including a restaurant and retail shop. The museum targets a broad audience including the general public, educators, researchers, and cultural enthusiasts, positioning itself as a leading cultural institution in Estonia. Technically, the website is built on Drupal CMS with modern web technologies such as jQuery, Bootstrap, and various JavaScript libraries for enhanced user experience. It integrates analytics and marketing tools like Google Analytics, Google Tag Manager, and Facebook Pixel, demonstrating a mature digital infrastructure. The site is mobile-optimized and accessible, with good SEO practices. From a security perspective, the site uses HTTPS and employs Google reCAPTCHA on forms to prevent abuse. However, it lacks some security headers that could enhance protection. No critical vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected. Privacy compliance is evident through a GDPR-compliant privacy policy, though a cookie consent mechanism is not clearly present. Overall, ERM's website reflects a professional, trustworthy, and well-maintained digital presence suitable for a government cultural institution. The domain registration aligns with the official entity, reinforcing legitimacy. Strategic improvements in security headers and cookie consent transparency could further strengthen the site's security and compliance posture.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
10/ 100 · Critical
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

9 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • High

      No Privacy Policy found

      GDPR requires a clear and accessible privacy policy

      What to do: Add a comprehensive privacy policy page and link to it prominently

    • High

      No Cookie Policy found

      GDPR requires clear information about cookie usage

      What to do: Add a dedicated cookie policy explaining cookie usage and purposes

  2. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
67
Security headers
40
Email security
85
DNS health
60
Network security
20
GDPR outside view
10
Average
47

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

ERM operates as a government-funded cultural institution with a stable market position in Estonia's museum sector. Its revenue streams include ticket sales, educational programs, event hosting, and retail operations. The museum leverages partnerships with cultural and tourism organizations, as evidenced by links to Visit Estonia and TripAdvisor recognitions. The business model focuses on public engagement, education, and cultural preservation, targeting diverse audiences from local residents to international tourists. The website content and structure support these objectives effectively, indicating a well-aligned digital strategy that enhances visitor experience and institutional reputation.

Security posture

The website demonstrates a moderate to good security maturity level. HTTPS is enforced, and anti-bot measures like Google reCAPTCHA are implemented on forms. However, the absence of key security headers such as Content-Security-Policy and X-Frame-Options suggests room for improvement. No incident response or vulnerability disclosure information is publicly available, which could be a gap in transparency and readiness. The privacy policy is comprehensive and GDPR compliant, supporting data protection practices. Overall, the security posture is adequate for a government cultural site but could benefit from enhanced header policies and formalized incident response disclosures.

Recommendations

  1. Implement comprehensive security headers including Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-Content-Type-Options to mitigate common web attacks.
  2. Enable DNSSEC for the domain to improve DNS security and prevent spoofing.
  3. Add a cookie consent banner or mechanism to comply fully with EU cookie regulations and enhance user privacy transparency.
  4. Publish a vulnerability disclosure policy and security.txt file to improve security transparency and incident response readiness.
  5. Regularly audit third-party scripts and tracking tools to minimize privacy risks and ensure compliance with data protection standards.

Contact details published on the site

Addresses
Legal name
Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium (EENet)
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Eesti Rahva Muuseum
Description
Eesti Rahva Muuseum (ERM) is a national museum in Estonia focused on ethnography, culture, and history. It offers exhibitions, educational programs, events, and services including a restaurant and a shop.
Key services
Museum exhibitions, Educational programs, Event hosting, Retail shop, Research facilities
Content quality
good
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
jQuery 2.2.4, Google Analytics, Google Tag Manager, Facebook Pixel, Google reCAPTCHA, Slick Slider, Masonry Layout, Drupal CMS
Frameworks
Drupal, Bootstrap
Platforms
Web
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
80/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enabled
  • Use of Google reCAPTCHA on forms
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML
  • Secure form with GDPR consent checkbox

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Analytics, Google Tag Manager, Facebook Pixel
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
basic

Advertising

Tracking pixels
Facebook Pixel
Marketing tools
Facebook Pixel
Transparency
basic

Site quality

Design
good
User experience
good
Content relevance
good
Navigation
good
Professionalism
good
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is a professional government cultural institution site.
  2. Content is rich with exhibitions, news, and visitor information.
  3. No signs of blocking or WAF interference.
  4. Good use of modern web technologies and analytics.
  5. Security headers could be improved.
  6. Privacy policy is present and GDPR compliant.
  7. No explicit cookie consent banner found.
  8. Contact information is clear and complete.
  9. Multiple social media channels actively linked.
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on Drupal CMS with a combination of jQuery, Bootstrap, and other JavaScript libraries such as Slick Slider and Masonry for UI enhancements. It uses Google Analytics, Google Tag Manager, and Facebook Pixel for analytics and marketing. The hosting is provided by EENet, a reputable Estonian education and research network. Performance is moderate with room for optimization. The site is mobile responsive and includes accessibility features such as text size and contrast adjustments. Technical debt appears low, but security header implementation is lacking. Overall, the technical infrastructure supports the museum's digital needs effectively with opportunities for modernization in security and performance optimization.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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