Skip to main content

Security report for duomomilano.it

Veneranda Fabbrica del Duomo di Milano · Government · Italy

Medium risk. 4 critical or high findings in Security headers, GDPR outside view and 1 other check.

Security score

73/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

The Duomo di Milano website serves as the official digital presence for the Veneranda Fabbrica del Duomo di Milano, the institution responsible for the preservation and promotion of the iconic Milan Cathedral. The site targets tourists, cultural enthusiasts, and the religious community, offering services such as ticketing, guided tours, cultural events, and donation opportunities. It holds a strong market position as the authoritative source for information and engagement related to the Duomo. Technically, the website is built on WordPress with modern frameworks like Bootstrap and integrates SEO and accessibility best practices. Security posture is robust with HTTPS, security headers, and cookie consent mechanisms, though it lacks a dedicated security policy or incident response contact. Overall, the site is professional, trustworthy, and compliant with GDPR, providing a positive user experience and strong business credibility.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
80/ 100 · Low
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

4 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

  2. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • High

      No Cookie Consent Banner found

      GDPR requires explicit consent for non-essential cookies

      What to do: Implement a cookie consent banner that appears on first visit

  3. SSL/TLS

    TLS encrypts the connection and proves the site is really yours. Weak or expiring certificates trigger browser warnings and put traffic at risk.

    • High

      Weak SSL Key Length

      SSL certificate uses 256-bit key, which is considered weak

      What to do: Use at least 2048-bit RSA or 256-bit ECC key

      • CWE-326
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • Mozilla TLS: Mozilla Server Side TLS 6.0 intermediate: rsa_key_size 2048

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching duomomilano.it

This scan found 21 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

€25per month

  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

Email alerts on material changes and an exportable JSON history of every change.

Billed monthly to your card. Cancel anytime. The full timeline opens with your unlock code.

Full report

€39.90one-time

  • The complete analysis as a PDF you can cite
  • Email delivery with an unlock code
  • Lifetime access to this report

Prices incl. 21% VAT. Secure checkout by Mollie; sold by SEQ SIA, Latvia.

Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
65
Security headers
50
Email security
80
DNS health
60
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
80
Average
73

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The website reflects a non-profit cultural heritage organization with a clear mission to preserve and promote the Duomo di Milano. Its business model revolves around visitor services, fundraising through donations, and educational outreach. The presence of official social media channels and partner domains for ticketing and shopping indicates a well-established partnership ecosystem. The content quality and branding consistency support a high level of professionalism and trust. The organization appears medium-sized with a focus on government and non-profit sectors, serving a broad audience including tourists and local visitors. The site’s strategic use of technology and marketing tools suggests a mature digital presence aimed at enhancing visitor engagement and operational efficiency.

Security posture

The website demonstrates a mature security posture with enforced HTTPS, comprehensive security headers, and a cookie consent mechanism aligned with GDPR requirements. No critical vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected in the HTML content. However, the absence of a published security policy and incident response contact limits transparency in security governance. The use of third-party scripts like Google Tag Manager and Facebook Pixel introduces moderate tracking but is managed with user consent. Recommendations include publishing a security policy, establishing incident response contacts, and implementing a vulnerability disclosure program to further enhance security maturity and stakeholder trust.

Recommendations

  1. Publish a dedicated security policy page outlining security practices and commitments.
  2. Provide clear incident response contact information such as security@ or abuse@ email addresses.
  3. Implement a vulnerability disclosure policy or security.txt file to encourage responsible reporting.
  4. Regularly review and update third-party scripts to mitigate potential vulnerabilities.
  5. Enhance form security with input validation and anti-CSRF protections.

Contact details published on the site

Addresses
Legal name
Veneranda Fabbrica del Duomo di Milano
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Veneranda Fabbrica del Duomo di Milano
Description
Sito ufficiale del Duomo di Milano, valorizzato e custodito dalla Veneranda Fabbrica del Duomo. E' dedicato a Santa Maria Nascente ed è situato nell'omonima piazza nel centro di Milano.
Key services
Visitor ticketing, Guided tours, Cultural events, Donations and fundraising, Educational programs
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
WordPress, Yoast SEO plugin, Bootstrap 5.3.1, jQuery 3.7.1, Owl Carousel, Iubenda cookie solution, Google Tag Manager
Frameworks
Bootstrap
Platforms
WordPress
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
excellent

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Cookie consent with explicit withdrawal
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML
  • Use of security headers

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Analytics (via Google Tag Manager), Facebook Pixel
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Tracking pixels
Facebook Pixel
Marketing tools
Iubenda Cookie Solution, AddToAny Sharing
Transparency
good

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is the official site for the Duomo di Milano managed by Veneranda Fabbrica.
  2. Content is rich, well-structured, and professionally presented.
  3. Strong SEO and accessibility features implemented.
  4. Comprehensive cookie consent and privacy compliance mechanisms in place.
  5. No critical security issues detected.
  6. Multiple social media and external links to official and related domains.
  7. No signs of suspicious or malicious activity.
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on a WordPress CMS platform using Bootstrap for responsive design and jQuery for interactivity. It employs modern SEO tools such as Yoast SEO and integrates cookie management via Iubenda. Performance is moderate with lazy loading and carousel sliders enhancing user experience. Accessibility features are present, including screen reader alerts and keyboard navigation aids. Hosting details are not explicitly identified but the site uses HTTPS with strong SSL configuration. The technical stack is modern and well-maintained, though opportunities exist to optimize performance and security further by auditing third-party dependencies and enhancing backend security controls.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

Reviews of this site

Share your experience with duomomilano.it. Every review is verified by email and published after moderation.

Overall rating
Select a rating
4000 characters remaining

We’ll email you to confirm your review and keep your details private.

Community rating

No published reviews yet. Be the first to review duomomilano.it.

Feedback on this report

Rate this report, add an optional comment, and tell us if you want a security specialist to follow up.

Overall report quality
Select a rating
2000 characters remaining

We only use your feedback to improve Guard reports. Contact details are never shared.