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Security report for climate-laws.org

Climate Policy Radar / Grantham Research Institute at LSE · Government · United Kingdom

Medium risk. 6 critical or high findings in Email security, Security headers and 1 other check.

Security score

65/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

Climate Change Laws of the World is a comprehensive academic and research platform hosted by the London School of Economics and powered by Climate Policy Radar. It provides a global database of over 5000 climate laws, policies, and UNFCCC submissions from 196 countries and territories, serving researchers, policymakers, and NGOs focused on climate governance. The platform offers advanced search capabilities including contextual highlighting and English translations, enhancing accessibility and usability. Technically, the website is built on a modern React and Next.js stack, leveraging AWS infrastructure and integrating analytics tools such as Google Tag Manager, PostHog, and Plausible. The site is well-optimized for performance, mobile responsiveness, and accessibility, reflecting a mature digital infrastructure suitable for academic and policy research use. From a security perspective, the site enforces HTTPS and employs cookie consent mechanisms, but lacks explicit security headers and a published security policy or incident response page. No vulnerabilities or sensitive data exposures were detected. Privacy compliance is strong with clear policies and GDPR adherence. Contact is primarily via email and web forms, with no phone or physical address listed. Overall, the website demonstrates a high level of professionalism, trustworthiness, and technical maturity, making it a reliable resource for climate law and policy data. Strategic improvements in security policy transparency and header implementation could further enhance its security posture.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
83/ 100 · Low
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

6 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. Email security

    SPF, DKIM and DMARC stop others sending email that looks like it comes from your domain, a common route to phishing and invoice fraud.

    • Critical

      No email authentication configured

      Domain is vulnerable to email spoofing

      What to do: Implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC immediately

    • High

      No SPF record found

      SPF helps prevent email spoofing

      What to do: Add SPF record: "v=spf1 include:_spf.yourmailprovider.com ~all"

  2. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing X-Frame-Options header

      Prevents clickjacking attacks

      What to do: Add "X-Frame-Options: DENY" or "X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN"

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching climate-laws.org

This scan found 24 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

€25per month

  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
77
Security headers
15
Email security
40
DNS health
75
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
83
Average
65

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The platform occupies a strong niche in the climate change research and policy domain, leveraging partnerships with prestigious academic institutions such as LSE and Columbia Law School. Its business model is non-profit and research-focused, providing open access to valuable climate legislation data. The target audience includes academics, policymakers, NGOs, and government officials globally. The partnership ecosystem is robust, enhancing credibility and reach. The platform's growth is supported by continuous data updates, research publications, and community engagement through feedback and collaboration invitations.

Security posture

The website exhibits a moderate to strong security posture with HTTPS enforced and no visible sensitive data leaks. However, the absence of key security headers (e.g., Content-Security-Policy) and lack of a formal security policy or incident response information represent gaps. No vulnerability disclosure or security.txt file was found, which could limit coordinated vulnerability reporting. Privacy and cookie compliance are well handled, indicating good data protection awareness. Incident response readiness and security culture indicators are not publicly documented, suggesting room for improvement in transparency and preparedness.

Recommendations

  1. Implement and publish a formal security policy and incident response page to improve transparency and user trust.
  2. Add standard security headers such as Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-Content-Type-Options to enhance protection against common web attacks.
  3. Create and host a security.txt file to facilitate vulnerability disclosure and improve security collaboration.
  4. Consider listing a Data Protection Officer or privacy contact to strengthen GDPR compliance visibility.
  5. Enhance contact options by adding verified phone numbers or physical addresses if applicable to improve user confidence.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Climate Policy Radar / Grantham Research Institute at LSE
Description
The Climate Change Laws of the World database provides access to national-level climate change legislation and policies from around the world, including framework laws and targets for over 196 countries, territories, and the EU.
Key services
Comprehensive searchable database of climate laws and policies, Contextual search with highlighted exact matches and translations, Access to UNFCCC submissions and reports, Data downloads and research publications
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
React, Next.js, Typekit fonts, Google Tag Manager, PostHog analytics, AWS DNS
Frameworks
Next.js
Platforms
AWS (DNS and hosting inferred)
Performance
fast
Mobile
excellent
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML
  • Use of client-side scripts deferred
  • Cookie consent mechanism implemented

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Tag Manager, PostHog, Plausible
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Tracking pixels
PostHog, Plausible
Marketing tools
PostHog, Plausible
Transparency
good

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is a professionally maintained academic research tool hosted by LSE and partners.
  2. Content is comprehensive, well-structured, and relevant to climate change law and policy.
  3. Strong branding and partnership signals with reputable institutions.
  4. Good privacy and cookie compliance with clear user consent mechanisms.
  5. Modern technology stack with React and Next.js ensures good performance and mobile optimization.
  6. No security policy or incident response page found; security headers not explicitly detected.
  7. No contact phone numbers or physical addresses found; contact primarily via email and web forms.
  8. No vulnerability disclosure or security.txt found.
  9. No suspicious or malicious content detected.
Technical notes

Notes

The website uses a modern React and Next.js framework with server-side rendering for performance and SEO benefits. It integrates third-party fonts via Typekit and uses Google Tag Manager, PostHog, and Plausible for analytics and user behavior tracking. Hosting appears to be on AWS infrastructure with DNS managed by AWS name servers. The site is mobile-optimized with responsive design and accessibility considerations. Performance is fast with deferred script loading and prefetching. No CMS detected, indicating a custom-built solution tailored for the platform's needs. Technical risks are minimal but could be mitigated further by adding security headers and formalizing security policies.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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