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Security report for cham.ch

Einwohnergemeinde Cham · Government · Switzerland

Medium risk. 5 critical or high findings in Security headers, GDPR outside view and 1 other check.

Security score

64/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

The Einwohnergemeinde Cham website serves as the official digital presence for the municipality of Cham, Switzerland. It provides comprehensive information and services related to local governance, community life, infrastructure, environment, education, and events. The site targets residents and visitors seeking municipal services and information. The business model is that of a government entity providing public services and information digitally. The website is well-branded, consistent, and includes trust indicators such as official contact details and certifications like Energiestadt GOLD. Technically, the site uses a modern CMS platform (i-web.ch) with Bootstrap for responsive design, ensuring good mobile optimization and accessibility. The performance is moderate with proper SEO and meta tags. Security posture is strong with HTTPS enforced and no visible vulnerabilities, though security headers and incident response policies could be improved. Privacy compliance is good, with clear privacy and cookie policies and user consent mechanisms. Overall, the site is trustworthy and professional, with clear contact information and partner links to regional and cantonal entities. No WAF or blocking mechanisms interfere with content access, allowing full analysis. Recommendations include enhancing security headers, publishing a security policy, and adding vulnerability disclosure information to further strengthen security posture.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
58/ 100 · Medium
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

5 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

  2. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • High

      No Cookie Policy found

      GDPR requires clear information about cookie usage

      What to do: Add a dedicated cookie policy explaining cookie usage and purposes

    • High

      No Cookie Consent Banner found

      GDPR requires explicit consent for non-essential cookies

      What to do: Implement a cookie consent banner that appears on first visit

  3. SSL/TLS

    TLS encrypts the connection and proves the site is really yours. Weak or expiring certificates trigger browser warnings and put traffic at risk.

    • High

      Weak Protocols Supported

      Server supports weak protocols: TLSv1.1

      What to do: Disable TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1, and all SSL versions

      • CWE-327
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V12.1.1
    • High

      Weak SSL Key Length

      SSL certificate uses 384-bit key, which is considered weak

      What to do: Use at least 2048-bit RSA or 256-bit ECC key

      • CWE-326
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • Mozilla TLS: Mozilla Server Side TLS 6.0 intermediate: rsa_key_size 2048

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching cham.ch

This scan found 25 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

€25per month

  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
42
Security headers
40
Email security
70
DNS health
75
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
58
Average
64

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The website positions the Einwohnergemeinde Cham as a key local government entity providing essential services and information to its community. Its competitive advantage lies in comprehensive digital service offerings such as online service counters and detailed community engagement content. Revenue streams are typical for a municipality, primarily funded by public budgets. The target customers are local residents, businesses, and visitors. Growth indicators include ongoing infrastructure projects and community programs. The partnership ecosystem includes regional tourism, cantonal government, and local service providers, reflecting a collaborative approach to community development.

Security posture

The security maturity level is moderate to high, with HTTPS enforced and no exposed sensitive data. The site uses secure login forms and anonymized analytics. However, the absence of security headers like Content-Security-Policy and lack of published incident response or vulnerability disclosure policies indicate room for improvement. Compliance with GDPR is evident through privacy policies and consent mechanisms. Incident response readiness is unclear due to missing contact channels for security issues. Overall, the security culture appears cautious but could benefit from formalized policies and transparency.

Recommendations

  1. Implement comprehensive security headers including Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-Content-Type-Options.
  2. Publish a clear security policy and incident response contact information on the website.
  3. Add a vulnerability disclosure policy or security.txt file to encourage responsible reporting.
  4. Regularly audit third-party scripts and libraries to ensure no vulnerabilities are introduced.
  5. Enhance transparency around data retention policies and analytics data handling.

Contact details published on the site

Addresses
Legal name
Einwohnergemeinde Cham
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Einwohnergemeinde Cham
Description
Die Website bietet umfassende Informationen zur Gemeinde Cham, inklusive Dienstleistungen, Politik, Verwaltung, Infrastruktur, Umwelt, Bildung und Gesellschaft. Es richtet sich an Einwohner und Interessierte der Gemeinde.
Key services
Online-Schalter für Dienstleistungen, Informationen zu Politik und Verwaltung, Veranstaltungsankündigungen, Baugesuche und Raumplanung, Abfallkalender und Entsorgung, Bildungs- und Gesellschaftsinformationen
Content quality
good
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
JavaScript, CSS, HTML5, Bootstrap, i-web.ch CMS
Frameworks
Bootstrap
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML
  • Secure login form present

Analytics and tracking

Services
stats.i-web.ch
Tracking level
minimal
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Tracking pixels
stats.i-web.ch
Transparency
basic

Site quality

Design
good
User experience
good
Content relevance
good
Navigation
good
Professionalism
good
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is an official municipal site for Cham, Switzerland.
  2. Content is comprehensive and well-structured.
  3. No signs of blocking or WAF interference.
  4. Good privacy and cookie policy presence with consent mechanism.
  5. No explicit security or incident response policies published.
  6. Use of a Swiss-based CMS and analytics provider.
  7. Clear contact information with phone, email, and physical address.
  8. No social media links detected.
  9. No terms of service page found.
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on a modern CMS platform (i-web.ch) with Bootstrap framework ensuring responsive design and good accessibility. JavaScript and CSS assets are properly loaded with module preloading and import maps indicating modern frontend practices. Performance is moderate, with room for optimization. The site uses anonymized analytics hosted in Switzerland, supporting privacy compliance. No major technical debt or outdated technologies detected. Opportunities exist to improve security headers and formalize security-related documentation to reduce technical risks.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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