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Security report for cfwb.be

Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles · Government · Belgium

Medium risk. 8 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view, Email security and 2 other checks.

Security score

60/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

The Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles official website serves as a comprehensive portal for government services, cultural information, education, sports, youth aid, research, and justice within the Wallonia-Brussels Federation in Belgium. It targets residents and stakeholders by providing news, documentation, contact information, and access to various public services. The site is well-branded and consistent with government standards, featuring official social media links and a professional design. Technically, the website is built on TYPO3 CMS version 4.5, an older but stable content management system, supplemented by jQuery, Owl Carousel, and analytics tools such as Matomo and Google Analytics. The site is mobile-optimized and accessible, with a cookie consent mechanism and privacy policy indicating GDPR compliance. However, the CMS version is outdated, which may pose security risks. From a security perspective, the site uses HTTPS and obfuscates email addresses to reduce spam. No explicit security headers were detected in the provided data, and no vulnerability disclosures or incident response contacts are publicly available. The WHOIS data is restricted due to DNS Belgium policies, but the domain is consistent with an official government entity. Overall, the security posture is moderate but could be improved by updating software and adding security headers. The overall risk assessment is low, with recommendations focusing on modernizing the CMS, enhancing security headers, and publishing clear security policies. The website is trustworthy, professional, and safe for general audiences.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
25/ 100 · Critical
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

8 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • High

      No Privacy Policy found

      GDPR requires a clear and accessible privacy policy

      What to do: Add a comprehensive privacy policy page and link to it prominently

    • High

      No Cookie Policy found

      GDPR requires clear information about cookie usage

      What to do: Add a dedicated cookie policy explaining cookie usage and purposes

  2. Email security

    SPF, DKIM and DMARC stop others sending email that looks like it comes from your domain, a common route to phishing and invoice fraud.

    • Critical

      No email authentication configured

      Domain is vulnerable to email spoofing

      What to do: Implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC immediately

  3. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

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Keep watching cfwb.be

This scan found 25 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
67
Security headers
65
Email security
40
DNS health
60
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
25
Average
60

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles website occupies a strong position as the official government portal for the region, providing authoritative information and services. Its business model is public service-oriented, funded by government resources, and focused on transparency and accessibility. The portal supports multiple sectors including education, culture, sports, youth aid, research, and justice, reflecting a broad governmental scope. Partnerships with related government subdomains and organizations enhance its ecosystem. The site’s content and structure indicate a mature digital presence, although technical modernization is advisable. The presence of social media and analytics tools suggests an interest in user engagement and continuous improvement.

Security posture

The website demonstrates a baseline security posture with HTTPS enforcement and privacy compliance mechanisms such as cookie consent. Email obfuscation reduces spam risks. However, the use of an outdated TYPO3 CMS version (4.5) introduces potential vulnerabilities due to lack of recent security patches. The absence of visible security headers (e.g., CSP, HSTS) is a gap that could be exploited. No public incident response or vulnerability disclosure policies were found, which limits transparency in security management. Overall, the site is moderately secure but would benefit from software updates, enhanced HTTP security headers, and published security policies to improve resilience and trust.

Recommendations

  1. Upgrade TYPO3 CMS to the latest supported version to mitigate known vulnerabilities.
  2. Implement comprehensive HTTP security headers including Content Security Policy, HSTS, X-Frame-Options, and X-XSS-Protection.
  3. Publish a clear security policy and incident response contact information on the website.
  4. Add a security.txt file to facilitate responsible vulnerability disclosure.
  5. Regularly audit and update third-party scripts and analytics tools to ensure security and privacy compliance.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles
Description
Official portal of the Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles providing information about government services, culture, education, sports, youth aid, research, justice, and public administration.
Key services
Information dissemination, Public service access, News and updates, Job offers, Contact and support
Content quality
good
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
TYPO3 CMS 4.5, jQuery, Owl Carousel, Matomo Analytics, Google Analytics, SlickNav
Frameworks
TYPO3
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
75/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Cookie consent banner implemented
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML
  • Obfuscated email addresses to prevent scraping

Analytics and tracking

Services
Matomo, Google Analytics
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Tracking pixels
Matomo
Marketing tools
Optimal Workshop
Transparency
basic

Site quality

Design
good
User experience
good
Content relevance
good
Navigation
good
Professionalism
good
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is an official government portal for Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles.
  2. Content is in French and targeted at residents and stakeholders in the region.
  3. Uses TYPO3 CMS version 4.5, which is outdated and may pose security risks.
  4. Includes cookie consent banner and privacy policy indicating GDPR compliance.
  5. No visible security headers detected in provided data; could be improved.
  6. WHOIS data is restricted by DNS Belgium policy, no registrar or dates available.
  7. Social media presence includes official LinkedIn and Facebook pages.
  8. No signs of adult or questionable content; content is safe and professional.
  9. Website includes multiple external links to government-related domains and services.
  10. Analytics usage includes Matomo and Google Analytics for user tracking.
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on TYPO3 CMS 4.5, which is outdated and may pose security and maintenance challenges. It uses jQuery and Owl Carousel for UI components, and integrates Matomo and Google Analytics for user tracking. The site is mobile-optimized with responsive CSS and accessibility features such as keyboard navigable accordions. Performance is moderate, with multiple external resources loaded. The site uses cookie consent scripts and includes social media integration. Technical debt is present due to legacy CMS version, and modernization would improve security and performance. Hosting provider details are not disclosed. SEO and metadata are adequately implemented with Open Graph and Twitter card tags.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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