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Security report for avvocaturastato.it

Avvocatura Generale dello Stato · Government · Italy

Medium risk. 6 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view, Security headers and 1 other check.

Security score

67/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

The website www.avvocaturastato.it represents the Avvocatura Generale dello Stato, the official legal body of the Italian government responsible for legal consultancy and defense of state administrations in various judicial matters. The site is well-structured, professionally designed, and provides comprehensive information about its organizational structure, legal activities, news, events, and official communications. It targets government officials, legal professionals, and the general public interested in state legal affairs. Technically, the website is built on Drupal 8 with the Bootstrap Italia theme, ensuring good mobile optimization, accessibility, and SEO. It uses modern web technologies including jQuery and integrates Microsoft Application Insights for telemetry and analytics. The site is served over HTTPS with no detected blocking or WAF interference, indicating a secure and accessible infrastructure. From a security perspective, the site enforces HTTPS and uses cookie consent mechanisms compliant with GDPR. However, it lacks explicit security policies or incident response information publicly available. No vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected in the analyzed content. The domain WHOIS data aligns with the official Italian government entity, confirming legitimacy and trustworthiness. Overall, the website demonstrates a mature digital presence with strong business credibility and privacy compliance. Strategic improvements could include publishing explicit security policies, enhancing security headers, and adding vulnerability disclosure information to further strengthen trust and security posture.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
33/ 100 · High
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

6 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • High

      No Cookie Policy found

      GDPR requires clear information about cookie usage

      What to do: Add a dedicated cookie policy explaining cookie usage and purposes

    • High

      No Cookie Consent Banner found

      GDPR requires explicit consent for non-essential cookies

      What to do: Implement a cookie consent banner that appears on first visit

  2. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

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Keep watching avvocaturastato.it

This scan found 21 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
82
Security headers
40
Email security
88
DNS health
60
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
33
Average
67

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Breach exposure

Leaked credentials and lookalike domains from OffSeq Breach. The counts are free; the detailed lists are paid add-ons.

Dark web exposure

Add-on

Leaked records that mention avvocaturastato.it, from OffSeq Breach.

Total records
210
Employees
16
Customers
143
Third parties
51
Weak passwords
10%

Latest record dated 2026-06-11 · 6 subdomains affected

See the 10 newest leaked credentials

A one-off add-on to this report that lists the most recent identifier and password pairs OffSeq Breach holds for avvocaturastato.it.

Select it in the checkout above.

Masked preview

  • –accesso.avvocaturastato.it2026-06-11
  • –accesso.avvocaturastato.it2026-05-26
  • –accesso.avvocaturastato.it2026-05-13
  • –avvocaturastato.it2026-01-12
  • –accesso.avvocaturastato.it2025-11-13

Breach keeps ingesting new leaks, so these numbers can grow between scans.

Open in Breach(opens in a new tab)Monitor on Breach(opens in a new tab)

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The Avvocatura Generale dello Stato operates as an essential government legal entity in Italy, providing legal consultancy and defense services to state administrations. Its market position is authoritative and exclusive within the public sector. The business model is service-oriented, focusing on legal representation and advisory functions. The website content and structure indicate a focus on transparency, public communication, and legal procedural information. The presence of official certified email (PEC) and detailed contact information supports direct and formal communication channels. The organization likely benefits from stable government funding and operates at an enterprise scale. No commercial or revenue-generating activities are evident, consistent with its governmental role. The website's partnership ecosystem is not explicitly detailed, but external links to official government and legal resources are present. The site supports multiple languages, enhancing accessibility for diverse audiences. Growth indicators include regular updates of news, events, and legal notices. The site serves as a critical communication platform for the institution's legal activities and public engagement.

Security posture

The website exhibits a solid security posture with HTTPS enforced and no visible security misconfigurations or exposed sensitive data. The use of certified email (PEC) for official contacts enhances secure communications. Cookie consent mechanisms are implemented in compliance with GDPR, indicating attention to privacy regulations. The integration of Microsoft Application Insights provides telemetry for monitoring site performance and usage. However, the absence of explicit security policies, incident response procedures, or vulnerability disclosure information limits transparency in security governance. Security headers such as Content-Security-Policy or X-Frame-Options are not detected, which could be improved to mitigate common web vulnerabilities. No third-party vulnerabilities or outdated libraries were identified in the provided content. Overall, the site is secure but could benefit from enhanced security documentation and header configurations.

Recommendations

  1. Publish a dedicated security policy and incident response page to improve transparency and user trust.
  2. Implement and configure security headers like Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-Content-Type-Options.
  3. Add a vulnerability disclosure or security.txt file to facilitate responsible reporting of security issues.
  4. Regularly audit and update third-party libraries and dependencies to mitigate potential vulnerabilities.
  5. Enhance monitoring and alerting capabilities beyond Application Insights to cover security events.

Contact details published on the site

Addresses
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Avvocatura Generale dello Stato
Description
Organo legale dello Stato al quale sono assegnati compiti di consulenza giuridica e di difesa delle Amministrazioni Statali in tutti i giudizi civili, penali, amministrativi, arbitrali, comunitari e internazionali.
Key services
Consulenza giuridica, Difesa delle Amministrazioni Statali, Attività contenziosa, Attività consultiva, Patrocinio, Amministrazione in giudizio
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
Drupal 8, Bootstrap Italia theme, jQuery, Application Insights (Azure), Owl Carousel
Frameworks
Drupal, Bootstrap Italia
Platforms
Web
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML
  • Cookie consent banner implemented
  • Use of certified email (PEC) for official contact

Analytics and tracking

Services
Microsoft Application Insights
Tracking level
minimal
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Tracking pixels
Microsoft Application Insights
Transparency
basic

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Official Italian government legal institution website
  2. Comprehensive content about legal activities and organizational structure
  3. Good privacy and cookie compliance with user consent mechanisms
  4. No signs of malicious or suspicious activity
  5. Modern and accessible website design with multilingual support
  6. Use of certified email (PEC) for official communications
  7. No visible security policy or incident response information
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on Drupal 8 CMS with the Bootstrap Italia theme, leveraging jQuery and Owl Carousel for UI components. It uses Microsoft Application Insights for telemetry and analytics, indicating a modern approach to performance monitoring. The site is mobile-optimized and accessible, with responsive design and ARIA labels. SEO best practices are followed with proper meta tags and structured navigation. Performance is moderate, likely influenced by the use of multiple CSS and JS assets, but overall user experience is smooth. The hosting provider is not explicitly identified in the content. There is no evidence of legacy or deprecated technologies. The site uses standard fonts and icon sets consistent with Italian government branding. Opportunities exist to optimize asset loading and implement advanced caching strategies to improve speed further.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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