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Security report for uzleuven.be

UZ Leuven · Healthcare · Belgium

Low risk. 2 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view and DNS health.

Security score

76/100

Risk levelLow

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

UZ Leuven is a prominent university hospital in Belgium offering specialized healthcare services, innovative treatments, and comprehensive patient care. It serves a broad audience including patients, healthcare professionals, students, and international patients. The hospital is well-integrated with academic and healthcare networks, enhancing its market position and service quality. Technically, the website is built on Drupal CMS with modern web technologies, providing good performance, mobile optimization, and accessibility. Security posture is solid with HTTPS and no visible vulnerabilities, though security headers could be improved. Privacy and cookie policies are present and GDPR compliant, supporting user trust. Overall, the website reflects a professional and credible healthcare institution with strong digital maturity.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
68/ 100 · Medium
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

2 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • High

      No Cookie Consent Banner found

      GDPR requires explicit consent for non-essential cookies

      What to do: Implement a cookie consent banner that appears on first visit

  2. DNS health

    DNS sends visitors and email to the right servers. Misconfigured records can cause outages or let someone redirect your traffic.

    • High

      Potential Subdomain Takeover

      Subdomain dev.uzleuven.be points to unregistered service d7d07mcamxdxp.cloudfront.net

      What to do: Remove or fix CNAME record to prevent subdomain takeover

      • WSTG-CONF-10
      • NIS2 21(2)(i)
      • IR 2024/2690 12.4: Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690, Annex point 12.4: Asset inventory
      • NIST CM-8: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 CM-8: System Component Inventory

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching uzleuven.be

This scan found 19 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

€25per month

  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
90
Security headers
80
Email security
75
DNS health
45
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
68
Average
76

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

UZ Leuven operates as a large healthcare provider and university hospital, leveraging partnerships with KU Leuven and healthcare networks to maintain leadership in specialized care and research. Its business model focuses on patient care, education, and clinical research. The hospital's digital presence supports patient engagement and professional collaboration. The presence of international patient services and multilingual content indicates a broad target market. Certifications and quality labels reinforce trust and compliance. The website's external links to partner domains highlight a robust ecosystem supporting healthcare delivery and innovation.

Security posture

The website demonstrates a mature security posture with enforced HTTPS and no exposed sensitive data. However, the absence of explicit security headers such as Content Security Policy, HSTS, and X-Frame-Options suggests room for enhancement. No vulnerability disclosures or incident response contacts are published, which could be improved to align with best practices. Privacy compliance is strong with clear policies and consent mechanisms. Overall, the security measures are adequate for a healthcare institution but could be strengthened to mitigate advanced threats and improve transparency.

Recommendations

  1. Implement and publish comprehensive security headers (CSP, HSTS, X-Frame-Options) to enhance protection against common web attacks.
  2. Establish and disclose a vulnerability disclosure policy and incident response contact information to improve security transparency and responsiveness.
  3. Enhance cookie consent mechanisms with detailed user options and clear data retention policies to strengthen privacy compliance.
  4. Regularly audit third-party scripts and tracking tools to minimize privacy risks and ensure compliance with GDPR.
  5. Consider publishing detailed business and legal information such as company registration and data protection officer contacts to boost business credibility.

Contact details published on the site

Addresses
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
UZ Leuven
Description
UZ Leuven is a university hospital providing specialized care and innovative treatments combined with human attention and respect for every person. It employs 10,000 passionate staff members delivering tailored care daily. It also offers high-quality education and clinical research to improve future patient care.
Key services
Specialized medical care, Innovative treatments, Patient consultations, Hospital admissions, Clinical research, Education and training
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
Drupal CMS, Google Tag Manager, Typekit Fonts, Polyfill.io
Frameworks
Drupal
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML
  • Use of Google Tag Manager asynchronously

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Tag Manager
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Transparency
basic

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is fully accessible with rich content.
  2. No WAF or security blocking detected.
  3. WHOIS data is restricted by DNS Belgium policy for .be domains.
  4. Strong branding and consistent professional design.
  5. Comprehensive contact and social media presence.
  6. Good privacy and cookie policy implementation.
  7. No visible security headers detected in HTML source.
  8. Use of modern web technologies and CMS (Drupal).
  9. No forms detected in the homepage HTML content.
  10. No email addresses explicitly listed in the HTML content.
Technical notes

Notes

The website is powered by Drupal CMS, utilizing modern front-end technologies including asynchronous Google Tag Manager and Typekit fonts. The site is mobile optimized and accessible, with good SEO practices evident in meta tags and structured content. Performance is moderate, with room for optimization in image delivery and script loading. The absence of visible security headers indicates potential technical debt in security hardening. No forms were detected on the homepage, suggesting limited direct data collection at this entry point. Overall, the technical infrastructure supports a professional healthcare website but could benefit from enhanced security and performance tuning.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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