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Security report for sse.sk

Slovenská elektrizačná prenosová sústava, a.s. · Energy · Slovakia

Medium risk. 7 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view, Security headers and 1 other check.

Security score

69/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

The website www.sse.sk represents Slovenská elektrizačná prenosová sústava, the Slovak electricity transmission system operator responsible for managing the national electricity grid. It serves as a critical infrastructure entity within Slovakia's energy sector, providing electricity transmission and grid management services. The website is intended for energy sector stakeholders, regulatory bodies, and the general public interested in electricity transmission. Technically, the website is currently inaccessible beyond a security challenge page featuring CAPTCHA and obfuscated JavaScript, indicating the presence of a Web Application Firewall or bot protection mechanism. This limits the ability to fully assess the site's technical maturity, performance, and content quality. The visible technical stack is minimal, with no CMS or frameworks detected, and the site shows poor mobile optimization and accessibility. From a security perspective, the site lacks visible security headers and privacy or cookie policies, which are critical for compliance and user trust. The obfuscated JavaScript suggests anti-automation measures but also complicates transparency. No contact or incident response information is available, limiting the ability to assess incident readiness. WHOIS data confirms the domain's legitimacy and alignment with the Slovak energy sector. Overall, the site presents a low risk in terms of content safety but suffers from limited accessibility and transparency due to security controls. Strategic recommendations include improving transparency by publishing privacy and cookie policies, enhancing security headers, enabling HTTPS with strong SSL/TLS, and providing clear contact and incident response information to improve trust and compliance.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
25/ 100 · Critical
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

7 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • High

      No Privacy Policy found

      GDPR requires a clear and accessible privacy policy

      What to do: Add a comprehensive privacy policy page and link to it prominently

    • High

      No Cookie Policy found

      GDPR requires clear information about cookie usage

      What to do: Add a dedicated cookie policy explaining cookie usage and purposes

  2. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching sse.sk

This scan found 21 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
77
Security headers
55
Email security
85
DNS health
70
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
25
Average
69

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

SSE operates as a large, essential entity within Slovakia's energy sector, managing the electricity transmission system. Its business model is that of a regulated utility or state-owned enterprise, focusing on grid management and system balancing. The company targets energy market participants, regulators, and the public. The website currently lacks visible marketing or partnership information, and no external or partner domains are linked. The absence of contact details and policies on the site suggests a limited digital engagement strategy. Growth indicators and subsidiary information are not available from the accessible content.

Security posture

The website's security posture is hindered by the presence of a WAF or bot protection challenge that blocks direct content access, limiting transparency. No security headers or HTTPS configuration details are visible, and no privacy or cookie policies are published. The obfuscated JavaScript indicates some level of bot mitigation. There is no evidence of vulnerability disclosure or incident response contacts. Compliance with GDPR or other frameworks cannot be confirmed. The site would benefit from implementing standard security headers, publishing privacy and cookie policies, and providing incident response contact channels to enhance security maturity and compliance.

Recommendations

  1. Implement and enforce HTTPS with a strong SSL/TLS configuration to secure all communications.
  2. Publish comprehensive privacy and cookie policies to comply with GDPR and enhance user trust.
  3. Add standard security headers such as Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-XSS-Protection.
  4. Provide clear contact information including security incident response and abuse contacts.
  5. Review and document the purpose of obfuscated JavaScript to balance security and transparency.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Generic detected. The page content is a security challenge page with CAPTCHA and obfuscated JavaScript likely indicating a WAF or bot protection mechanism blocking direct access to the main content. These observations may be incomplete. For a fuller analysis, contact guard@offseq.com.

Business

Company
Slovenská elektrizačná prenosová sústava, a.s.
Description
Slovenská elektrizačná prenosová sústava (SSE) is the Slovak electricity transmission system operator responsible for the transmission of electricity across Slovakia.
Key services
Electricity transmission, Grid management, System balancing
Content quality
poor
Branding
moderate

Technology

Stack
JavaScript
Performance
slow
Mobile
poor
Accessibility
poor
SEO
poor

Security

Observed score
30/100

Analytics and tracking

Tracking level
minimal
Privacy practices
poor

Advertising

Transparency
poor

Site quality

Design
poor
User experience
poor
Content relevance
poor
Navigation
poor
Professionalism
poor
Trustworthiness
low

Key observations

  1. Website is currently behind a security challenge page preventing full content access.
  2. No privacy, cookie, or terms of service policies are found on the accessible page.
  3. No contact information such as emails or phone numbers is visible in the provided content.
  4. The page contains a CAPTCHA challenge likely to prevent automated access.
  5. No social media or external links are present in the accessible content.
  6. The website appears to use obfuscated JavaScript for bot detection or anti-scraping.
  7. No structured data (JSON-LD) or Open Graph metadata found in the provided HTML.
  8. No forms other than the CAPTCHA input are present.
  9. No visible security headers or SSL/TLS configuration details provided.
  10. The website is related to the Slovak electricity transmission system operator, a critical national infrastructure entity.
Technical notes

Notes

The website uses obfuscated JavaScript likely for bot detection or anti-automation purposes. No CMS or frameworks are detected, and no structured data or metadata is present. The page content is minimal and blocked by a CAPTCHA challenge, indicating a security layer that prevents automated scraping or access. Performance and mobile optimization are poor based on the limited content. The site lacks SEO optimization and accessibility features. Hosting provider and infrastructure details are not available from the provided data.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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