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Security report for refina.ch

Refina Treuhand AG · Finance · Switzerland

Medium risk. 6 critical or high findings in Security headers, GDPR outside view and 2 other checks.

Security score

53/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

Refina Treuhand AG is a Swiss fiduciary company with over 30 years of experience, specializing in tax, auditing, fiduciary consulting, payroll administration, and accounting services. The website presents a professional image targeting businesses and individuals in Switzerland seeking trusted fiduciary services. The content is well-structured, primarily in German, and includes essential contact information and a cookie consent mechanism compliant with GDPR requirements. Technically, the site uses legacy jQuery 1.8.3, Google Analytics, and custom CSS, with basic mobile responsiveness and SEO optimization. Security posture is moderate, with no visible security headers and use of an outdated JavaScript library, but no critical vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected. WHOIS data confirms the legitimacy and consistency of the domain registration with the business claims. Overall, the website is trustworthy and professionally maintained but could benefit from technical and security improvements.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
68/ 100 · Medium
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

6 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing X-Frame-Options header

      Prevents clickjacking attacks

      What to do: Add "X-Frame-Options: DENY" or "X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN"

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

  2. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • High

      No Cookie Policy found

      GDPR requires clear information about cookie usage

      What to do: Add a dedicated cookie policy explaining cookie usage and purposes

  3. SSL/TLS

    TLS encrypts the connection and proves the site is really yours. Weak or expiring certificates trigger browser warnings and put traffic at risk.

    • High

      Weak Protocols Supported

      Server supports weak protocols: TLSv1.1

      What to do: Disable TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1, and all SSL versions

      • CWE-327
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V12.1.1

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching refina.ch

This scan found 25 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
72
Security headers
15
Email security
60
DNS health
80
Network security
20
GDPR outside view
68
Average
53

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The company operates in the finance sector as a small-sized fiduciary service provider in Switzerland. It has a stable market position with over three decades of operation, offering core services such as tax consulting, auditing, fiduciary advice, payroll, and accounting. The business model focuses on professional services for local clients, with no evident parent or subsidiary companies. The website content and navigation are clear and consistent, supporting a credible brand image. The absence of social media links or extensive digital marketing tools suggests a traditional client acquisition approach. The use of Google Analytics indicates some level of digital marketing insight. No certifications or formal trust seals are displayed, which could be an area for enhancement to boost credibility further.

Security posture

The website demonstrates a moderate security posture. It employs HTTPS (assumed but not explicitly confirmed), includes a cookie consent banner aligned with GDPR, and avoids exposing sensitive data in the HTML. However, the use of an outdated jQuery version (1.8.3) introduces potential security risks. No security headers such as Content Security Policy, HSTS, or X-Frame-Options were detected, which are recommended to harden the site against common web attacks. There is no public security policy or incident response information available, limiting transparency on security governance. The absence of a vulnerability disclosure or security.txt file suggests limited formal security communication channels. Overall, while no critical vulnerabilities were found, improvements in security best practices and transparency are advisable.

Recommendations

  1. Upgrade jQuery and other JavaScript libraries to current secure versions to mitigate known vulnerabilities.
  2. Implement and configure essential security headers including Content Security Policy (CSP), HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS), and X-Frame-Options.
  3. Ensure HTTPS is enforced site-wide and verify SSL/TLS configuration for best practices.
  4. Publish a clear security policy and incident response contact information to improve transparency and trust.
  5. Enhance mobile responsiveness and accessibility to improve user experience across devices.

Contact details published on the site

Addresses
Legal name
Refina Treuhand AG
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Refina Treuhand AG
Description
Treuhandgesellschaft offering services in tax, auditing, fiduciary consulting, payroll administration, and accounting.
Key services
Steuern, Revision, Treuhandberatung, Lohnadministration, Rechnungswesen
Content quality
good
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
jQuery 1.8.3, Google Analytics, Highslide JS, Custom CSS stylesheets
Performance
moderate
Mobile
basic
Accessibility
basic
SEO
basic

Security

Observed score
60/100
Good practices seen
  • Cookie consent banner with explicit consent
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Analytics
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Transparency
basic

Site quality

Design
good
User experience
good
Content relevance
good
Navigation
good
Professionalism
good
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is fully accessible with no blocking or WAF challenges.
  2. Content is professional and relevant to fiduciary and accounting services.
  3. Cookie consent and privacy policy are implemented in German language.
  4. No terms of service or explicit security policies found.
  5. No contact form detected on the homepage; contact info limited to phone and address.
  6. Use of older jQuery version may pose security risks.
  7. Google Analytics and Tag Manager used for tracking with consent.
  8. No social media links found in the HTML content.
  9. No explicit security headers detected in the provided data.
  10. Mobile optimization is basic but present via responsive CSS.
Technical notes

Notes

The website uses a legacy technology stack with jQuery 1.8.3, Google Analytics, and Highslide JS for image galleries. CSS is custom and includes responsive stylesheets for different screen widths, though mobile optimization is basic. The site lacks a modern CMS or framework indication, suggesting a custom or legacy build. Performance is moderate with asynchronous loading of analytics scripts. SEO is basic with meta keywords and descriptions present but no structured data or Open Graph tags detected. Accessibility features are minimal but present. Hosting provider and SSL details are not explicitly available from the HTML content. Overall, the technical infrastructure is functional but dated, with opportunities for modernization and security hardening.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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