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Security report for norges-bank.no

Norges Bank · Finance · Norway

Low risk. 3 critical or high findings in Security headers and SSL/TLS.

Security score

78/100

Risk levelLow

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

Norges Bank is the central bank of Norway, tasked with maintaining price stability, financial stability, and managing the Government Pension Fund Global. The website reflects a mature digital presence with comprehensive content targeting the general public, financial institutions, and government stakeholders. It provides detailed information on monetary policy, financial stability, currency management, and capital management. The site is well-branded, professionally designed, and consistent with government standards. Technically, the website leverages modern cloud infrastructure, including Microsoft Azure and Cloudflare, and integrates advanced analytics and consent management tools such as Hotjar, Siteimprove, and Cookie Information. The site is fast, mobile-optimized, and accessible, with good SEO practices. Security posture is strong with HTTPS enforced and cookie consent mechanisms in place, though explicit security headers and vulnerability disclosure mechanisms could be improved. Overall, the site demonstrates a high level of security maturity and privacy compliance, with no critical vulnerabilities detected. The lack of public WHOIS data is consistent with Norwegian domain registration policies and does not detract from the site's legitimacy. Strategic recommendations include enhancing security header transparency and publishing a security.txt file to facilitate vulnerability reporting.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
88/ 100 · Low
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

3 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1

  2. SSL/TLS

    TLS encrypts the connection and proves the site is really yours. Weak or expiring certificates trigger browser warnings and put traffic at risk.

    • High

      Weak Protocols Supported

      Server supports weak protocols: TLSv1.1

      What to do: Disable TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1, and all SSL versions

      • CWE-327
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V12.1.1
    • High

      Weak SSL Key Length

      SSL certificate uses 256-bit key, which is considered weak

      What to do: Use at least 2048-bit RSA or 256-bit ECC key

      • CWE-326
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • Mozilla TLS: Mozilla Server Side TLS 6.0 intermediate: rsa_key_size 2048

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching norges-bank.no

This scan found 18 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
47
Security headers
65
Email security
80
DNS health
85
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
88
Average
78

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

Norges Bank holds a dominant position as Norway's central bank and sovereign wealth fund manager. Its business model is government-funded and focused on monetary policy, financial system oversight, and asset management. The website supports this by providing authoritative content and resources. The presence of a subsidiary, Norges Bank Investment Management, indicates a structured operational approach. The site’s integration with multiple analytics and consent tools reflects a commitment to data-driven insights and regulatory compliance. The target audience includes citizens, financial professionals, and policymakers, with content tailored accordingly. The bank’s digital ecosystem is robust, supporting transparency and engagement.

Security posture

The website exhibits a strong security posture with enforced HTTPS, cookie consent banners, and use of reputable third-party security and analytics services. No exposed sensitive data or vulnerable libraries were detected. However, explicit security headers such as Content-Security-Policy and X-Frame-Options were not clearly identified in the HTML content, suggesting room for improvement. The absence of a public security policy or incident response contact limits transparency in vulnerability management. Overall, the site aligns well with best practices but could enhance its security communication and disclosure.

Recommendations

  1. Publish explicit security headers (CSP, X-Frame-Options, X-Content-Type-Options) to strengthen browser security.
  2. Create and publish a security policy and incident response page to improve transparency and trust.
  3. Implement and publish a security.txt file to facilitate responsible vulnerability disclosure.
  4. Enhance contact information visibility for security and privacy inquiries.
  5. Regularly audit third-party scripts and tracking tools to ensure ongoing compliance and security.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Norges Bank
Description
Norges Bank is the central bank of Norway responsible for ensuring price stability, financial stability, and managing the Government Pension Fund Global. It does not offer banking services to private individuals or companies.
Key services
Monetary policy implementation, Financial system stability, Management of Government Pension Fund Global, Currency issuance and management
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
Microsoft Azure, Cloudflare, Google Tag Manager, Hotjar, Siteimprove, Microsoft Application Insights, Cookie Information Consent Management
Performance
fast
Mobile
excellent
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
90/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Cookie consent banner with opt-in/out
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML
  • Use of reputable third-party security and analytics tools

Analytics and tracking

Services
Siteimprove, Hotjar, Microsoft Application Insights
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Tracking pixels
Hotjar, Siteimprove, Microsoft Application Insights
Transparency
good

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is fully accessible with rich content.
  2. No WAF or blocking mechanisms detected.
  3. Comprehensive cookie consent and privacy policy present.
  4. No direct contact emails or phone numbers found on main page.
  5. Strong use of modern analytics and tracking with user consent.
  6. Social media presence on official platforms.
  7. No security.txt or explicit vulnerability disclosure found.
  8. WHOIS data is not publicly available, likely due to Norwegian domain registry policies.
Technical notes

Notes

The website is hosted on Microsoft Azure and protected by Cloudflare, leveraging modern cloud infrastructure. It uses Google Tag Manager for marketing and analytics orchestration, Hotjar for user behavior analysis, and Siteimprove for accessibility and SEO monitoring. The site is well-structured with preloaded fonts and optimized images, contributing to fast load times and excellent mobile responsiveness. The cookie consent mechanism is robust and integrated with a third-party consent management platform. No CMS was explicitly detected, suggesting a custom or proprietary platform. Overall, the technical implementation is modern and well-executed, supporting a high-quality user experience.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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