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Security report for jpainternational.com

JPA International · Finance · N/a

Medium risk. 6 critical or high findings in Security headers, GDPR outside view and 2 other checks.

Security score

65/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

JPA International is a well-established global network of independent accountancy firms, auditors, and consultants providing audit, accounting, tax, and consultancy services worldwide. The network emphasizes high-quality service under a common code of ethics and has a presence in over 85 countries with more than 210 offices. The website reflects a professional and consistent brand image with comprehensive content targeting business professionals and international clients. Technically, the site is built on Drupal CMS with modern web technologies, optimized for mobile and accessibility, and includes social media integration and cookie consent mechanisms. Security posture is generally good with HTTPS enforced and no exposed sensitive data, though explicit security headers and incident response information are lacking. The absence of WHOIS data for the domain raises concerns about domain registration legitimacy, warranting further verification. Overall, the site demonstrates strong business credibility and digital maturity with room for security and transparency improvements.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
80/ 100 · Low
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

6 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

  2. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • High

      No Cookie Consent Banner found

      GDPR requires explicit consent for non-essential cookies

      What to do: Implement a cookie consent banner that appears on first visit

  3. SSL/TLS

    TLS encrypts the connection and proves the site is really yours. Weak or expiring certificates trigger browser warnings and put traffic at risk.

    • High

      Weak Protocols Supported

      Server supports weak protocols: TLSv1.1

      What to do: Disable TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1, and all SSL versions

      • CWE-327
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V12.1.1
    • High

      Weak SSL Key Length

      SSL certificate uses 256-bit key, which is considered weak

      What to do: Use at least 2048-bit RSA or 256-bit ECC key

      • CWE-326
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • Mozilla TLS: Mozilla Server Side TLS 6.0 intermediate: rsa_key_size 2048

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching jpainternational.com

This scan found 25 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

€25per month

  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
52
Security headers
50
Email security
60
DNS health
50
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
80
Average
65

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

JPA International operates as a collaborative network model, leveraging independent firms to deliver comprehensive financial and consultancy services globally. Its market positioning is strong due to its extensive geographic coverage and professional affiliations such as membership in the Forum of Firms. The business targets professional accountants, auditors, consultants, and business travelers requiring international expertise. Revenue streams likely derive from member services and client engagements across audit, tax, and consultancy domains. The network maintains active communication channels via news, events, and social media, supporting growth and member engagement. Strategic observations include the need to clarify domain registration and enhance security transparency to reinforce trust.

Security posture

The website exhibits a mature security posture with HTTPS enforced and a cookie consent mechanism aligned with GDPR requirements. However, the lack of visible security headers such as Content-Security-Policy and absence of published security policies or incident response contacts indicate gaps in security best practices. No vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected in the HTML content. The missing WHOIS data for the domain is a notable risk factor, potentially impacting trustworthiness. The site would benefit from publishing a vulnerability disclosure policy and appointing a data protection officer contact to improve compliance and incident readiness.

Recommendations

  1. Implement and verify HTTP security headers including Content-Security-Policy, X-Content-Type-Options, and X-Frame-Options to enhance protection against common web attacks.
  2. Publish a dedicated security policy page and provide clear incident response contact information to improve transparency and readiness.
  3. Add a vulnerability disclosure or security.txt file to facilitate responsible reporting of security issues.
  4. Include data protection officer contact details to strengthen GDPR compliance and user trust.
  5. Conduct regular audits of third-party scripts and libraries to ensure no vulnerable components are used.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
JPA International
Description
An international network of independent accountancy firms, auditors and consultants working under a common code of ethics to provide high quality service to their clients worldwide.
Key services
Audit, Accounting, Tax, Consultancy
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
Drupal CMS, Google Fonts (Inter), AddToAny social sharing, Slick Slider, jQuery
Frameworks
Drupal
Performance
moderate
Mobile
excellent
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Cookie consent mechanism implemented
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Analytics
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Marketing tools
AddToAny
Transparency
good

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is fully accessible with rich content and professional design
  2. Strong social media presence across multiple platforms
  3. Comprehensive cookie and privacy policies with GDPR compliance
  4. No direct contact emails or phone numbers found on homepage; contact via form
  5. WHOIS data unavailable, raising questions about domain registration status
  6. No explicit security policy or incident response information published
  7. Use of modern web technologies and CMS (Drupal)
  8. No signs of malicious or adult content
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on Drupal CMS, utilizing modern front-end technologies such as Google Fonts, AddToAny for social sharing, and Slick Slider for interactive content. The site is mobile-optimized with responsive design and accessibility features like skip links and ARIA roles. Performance is moderate, with lazy loading images and efficient content delivery. SEO is supported by comprehensive meta tags including Open Graph and Twitter Cards. No hosting provider information was identified from the content. Technical risks include the absence of security headers and incomplete WHOIS data, which could affect operational security and domain legitimacy.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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