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Security report for ausbau-fernwaerme.be

Energie Wasser Bern (ewb) · Energy · Belgium

High risk. 7 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view, Security headers and 2 other checks.

Security score

47/100

Risk levelHigh

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

Energie Wasser Bern (ewb) operates a municipal district heating network in Bern, focusing on expanding sustainable and climate-friendly heat supply using waste heat, wood, and environmental heat sources. The website presents detailed information about the phased expansion of the Fernwärme network in various city districts, targeting residents and businesses interested in sustainable energy solutions. Technically, the site is built on Cmsbox CMS, uses SVG for interactive maps, and integrates Google reCAPTCHA and Matomo analytics for security and user tracking. Security posture is generally good with HTTPS enforced and bot protection, but lacks explicit security headers and incident response contacts. Privacy compliance is basic with a privacy policy present but no cookie consent mechanism detected. WHOIS data is restricted by the registry, limiting domain transparency, but the website content and branding strongly indicate legitimacy as a municipal energy provider. Overall, the site is professional, informative, and well-structured, supporting ewb's role as a key regional energy supplier.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
28/ 100 · High
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

7 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • High

      No Cookie Policy found

      GDPR requires clear information about cookie usage

      What to do: Add a dedicated cookie policy explaining cookie usage and purposes

    • High

      No Cookie Consent Banner found

      GDPR requires explicit consent for non-essential cookies

      What to do: Implement a cookie consent banner that appears on first visit

  2. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing X-Frame-Options header

      Prevents clickjacking attacks

      What to do: Add "X-Frame-Options: DENY" or "X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN"

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
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  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
72
Security headers
30
Email security
70
DNS health
60
Network security
20
GDPR outside view
28
Average
47

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The company holds a strong market position as Bern's municipal energy provider, focusing on sustainable district heating. Its business model centers on infrastructure expansion and customer acquisition for Fernwärme services. The website reflects a mature digital presence with clear navigation and detailed project information, supporting customer engagement and transparency. Partnerships appear limited to internal or municipal entities, with ewb.ch as the parent domain. Growth indicators include ongoing network expansion and public communication of construction phases. The absence of direct contact emails or phone numbers suggests a preference for controlled communication channels, likely via contact forms. The company targets residential and commercial customers in Bern, emphasizing climate-friendly energy solutions.

Security posture

The website demonstrates a moderate security maturity level with HTTPS enabled and Google reCAPTCHA integration to mitigate automated abuse. However, the absence of common security headers such as Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-XSS-Protection reduces defense-in-depth. No vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected in the HTML content. The lack of explicit incident response or security policy pages indicates potential gaps in transparency and readiness. GDPR compliance is indicated by the privacy policy, but cookie consent mechanisms are missing, which could be a compliance risk. Overall, the security posture is adequate for a public informational site but could be improved with enhanced headers and incident response disclosures.

Recommendations

  1. Implement standard security headers (CSP, X-Frame-Options, X-XSS-Protection) to strengthen browser security.
  2. Add a cookie consent banner or mechanism to comply fully with GDPR cookie requirements.
  3. Publish a security policy and incident response contact information to improve transparency and trust.
  4. Consider adding a security.txt file to facilitate vulnerability reporting.
  5. Regularly audit third-party scripts and analytics for privacy compliance and minimize tracking.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Energie Wasser Bern (ewb)
Description
Energie Wasser Bern treibt den Ausbau klima­freundlicher Wärmenetze in Bern voran, mit Hauptquellen aus Abfallverwertung, Holz und Umweltwärme. Das Fernwärmenetz wird seit den 1960er-Jahren betrieben und aktuell massiv erweitert.
Key services
Fernwärmeversorgung, Ausbau von Wärmenetzen, Information und Kundenservice
Content quality
good
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
JavaScript, SVG, Google reCAPTCHA, Piwik/Matomo analytics
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
75/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Google reCAPTCHA used for bot protection
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML

Analytics and tracking

Services
Piwik/Matomo
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
basic

Advertising

Tracking pixels
Piwik/Matomo
Transparency
basic

Site quality

Design
good
User experience
good
Content relevance
good
Navigation
good
Professionalism
good
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is fully accessible with rich content about Fernwärme (district heating) expansion in Bern.
  2. No signs of WAF or security blocking.
  3. WHOIS data is restricted by registry policy, limiting domain registration transparency.
  4. Website uses Cmsbox CMS and includes Google reCAPTCHA and Matomo analytics.
  5. No direct contact emails or phone numbers found on main pages; contact form available.
  6. Privacy policy present and GDPR compliant.
  7. No cookie consent banner detected, which may be a compliance gap.
  8. No explicit security policy or incident response info found.
  9. Content is professional, focused on energy sector and municipal services.
Technical notes

Notes

The website uses Cmsbox 3.0 CMS, with a modern front-end including responsive CSS for multiple screen sizes and SVG-based interactive maps. JavaScript libraries include Google reCAPTCHA for bot protection and Matomo for analytics. The site loads asynchronously and defers scripts to optimize performance. Accessibility features such as skip links and ARIA labels are present, indicating good accessibility practices. SEO is supported by meta tags, Open Graph, and Twitter card metadata. Hosting provider details are not explicit. Performance is moderate, with some large images but lazy loading implemented. The technical stack is stable and appropriate for a municipal informational website, with opportunities to enhance security headers and privacy controls.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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