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Security report for arera.it

Autorità di Regolazione per Energia Reti e Ambiente (ARERA) · Energy · Italy

Medium risk. 3 critical or high findings in Security headers.

Security score

70/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

ARERA (Autorità di Regolazione per Energia Reti e Ambiente) is the Italian national regulatory authority responsible for regulation and control in the electricity, natural gas, water services, waste cycle, and district heating sectors. The website serves both consumers and operators by providing regulatory information, consumer assistance, official documents, and data collection portals. It holds a strong market position as a government authority with a clear mandate and comprehensive service offerings. The site is well-branded and professionally maintained, reflecting its authoritative role. Technically, the website is built on TYPO3 CMS with modern frameworks like Bootstrap Italia and uses various JavaScript libraries for enhanced user experience. It employs HTTPS with strong security headers and integrates analytics via Matomo. The site is mobile-optimized and accessible, with good SEO practices. However, explicit privacy and cookie policies with consent mechanisms are not detected in the provided content, which is a compliance gap. Security posture is strong with HTTPS, security headers, and secure script loading. No vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were found. The WHOIS data confirms the domain's legitimacy and consistency with the official authority. Overall, the website is trustworthy and professional but should improve privacy compliance and explicit contact information. The risk level is low, with recommendations focusing on enhancing privacy disclosures, cookie consent, and incident response contacts to align fully with GDPR and best practices.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
83/ 100 · Low
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

3 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing X-Frame-Options header

      Prevents clickjacking attacks

      What to do: Add "X-Frame-Options: DENY" or "X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN"

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

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Keep watching arera.it

This scan found 23 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
95
Security headers
20
Email security
55
DNS health
65
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
83
Average
70

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Breach exposure

Leaked credentials and lookalike domains from OffSeq Breach. The counts are free; the detailed lists are paid add-ons.

Dark web exposure

Add-on

Leaked records that mention arera.it, from OffSeq Breach.

Total records
228
Employees
1
Customers
224
Third parties
3
Weak passwords
7%

Latest record dated 2025-11-13 · 6 subdomains affected

See the 10 newest leaked credentials

A one-off add-on to this report that lists the most recent identifier and password pairs OffSeq Breach holds for arera.it.

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Masked preview

  • –posta.arera.it2025-11-13

Breach keeps ingesting new leaks, so these numbers can grow between scans.

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Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

ARERA operates as a government regulatory authority in Italy, overseeing critical sectors such as energy, gas, water, waste, and district heating. Its business model is regulatory and service-oriented, providing oversight, consumer protection, and data services. The authority targets both end consumers and industry operators, offering tools, guides, and official documentation. The website reflects a mature digital presence with strategic partnerships (e.g., authentication portals) and active social media engagement. The organization benefits from a strong market position as a national authority with high trust and recognition. Growth indicators include ongoing events, publications, and consumer campaigns. The partnership ecosystem includes government and sector-specific platforms, enhancing its operational reach.

Security posture

The website demonstrates a mature security posture with enforced HTTPS, comprehensive security headers, and secure integration of third-party scripts such as Google reCAPTCHA and Matomo analytics. No signs of exposed credentials, vulnerable libraries, or insecure forms were detected. However, the absence of explicit privacy and cookie policies and lack of visible security incident contact channels represent compliance gaps. The site does not appear to have a published vulnerability disclosure or security.txt file, which could improve incident response readiness. Overall, the security culture appears strong but could benefit from enhanced transparency and formalized security communication channels.

Recommendations

  1. Publish a comprehensive privacy policy and cookie policy with explicit consent mechanisms to ensure GDPR compliance.
  2. Provide clear and accessible contact information, including dedicated security incident and abuse contacts.
  3. Implement and publish a vulnerability disclosure policy or security.txt file to facilitate responsible reporting.
  4. Enhance accessibility features to meet or exceed WCAG standards for broader inclusivity.
  5. Regularly audit and update third-party scripts and libraries to mitigate potential vulnerabilities.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Autorità di Regolazione per Energia Reti e Ambiente (ARERA)
Description
L'Autorità di Regolazione per Energia Reti e Ambiente (ARERA) svolge attività di regolazione e controllo nei settori dell'energia elettrica, del gas naturale, dei servizi idrici, del ciclo dei rifiuti e del telecalore.
Key services
Information and assistance for consumers, Publication of acts, documents, and reports, Data collection access for operators
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
TYPO3 CMS, Bootstrap Italia, jQuery, Feather icons, Splide carousel, Google reCAPTCHA, Matomo analytics
Frameworks
Bootstrap Italia
Performance
moderate
Mobile
excellent
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
85/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Use of reCAPTCHA for forms
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML
  • Secure external script loading with integrity and crossorigin attributes

Analytics and tracking

Services
Matomo
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
basic

Advertising

Tracking pixels
Matomo
Transparency
basic

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is a professional government regulatory authority site for energy and environment sectors in Italy.
  2. Content is comprehensive, well-structured, and targeted at consumers and operators.
  3. No explicit privacy or cookie policies found in the provided HTML snapshot.
  4. Strong use of modern web technologies and security best practices.
  5. Social media presence is active and linked to official profiles.
  6. No signs of suspicious or malicious content.
  7. WHOIS data supports legitimacy and trustworthiness.
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on TYPO3 CMS, leveraging Bootstrap Italia for responsive design and jQuery for interactivity. It uses modern web fonts and iconography (Feather icons), and a carousel library (Splide) for dynamic content presentation. The site loads asynchronously Google reCAPTCHA and Matomo analytics scripts, indicating attention to security and privacy-aware analytics. The presence of canonical and hreflang tags supports SEO and multilingual support. Performance is moderate, with room for optimization in asset loading and caching. The site is mobile-optimized and accessible, with semantic HTML and ARIA attributes. No major technical debt or outdated technologies were detected, indicating a well-maintained infrastructure.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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