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Security report for pv.lv

AS PASAŽIERU VILCIENS · Transportation · Latvia

Medium risk. 9 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view, Security headers and 1 other check.

Security score

59/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

AS Pasažieru Vilciens operates as the primary passenger rail service provider in Latvia, offering train schedules, ticketing (including mobile e-tickets), and real-time train tracking. The website www.vivi.lv serves as a comprehensive portal for passengers, providing timely updates, accessibility options, and multilingual support (Latvian and English). The company targets local commuters and tourists, positioning itself as a key player in Latvia's transportation sector. Technically, the website employs modern JavaScript frameworks and UI libraries such as jQuery UI and Slick Carousel, ensuring a responsive and accessible user experience. The site includes cookie consent mechanisms and privacy policies aligned with GDPR requirements, reflecting a mature digital infrastructure. Performance is moderate with good mobile optimization and SEO practices. From a security perspective, HTTPS is enforced, and client-side form validations are implemented. However, the absence of explicit security headers and a published security policy or incident response contact indicates room for improvement. No critical vulnerabilities or suspicious activities were detected, and WHOIS data confirms the domain's legitimacy and consistency with the business identity. Overall, the website demonstrates a solid security posture and compliance with privacy regulations, supporting the company's credibility and trustworthiness. Strategic enhancements in security transparency and policy publication would further strengthen its risk management and user trust.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
10/ 100 · Critical
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

9 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • High

      No Privacy Policy found

      GDPR requires a clear and accessible privacy policy

      What to do: Add a comprehensive privacy policy page and link to it prominently

  2. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing X-Frame-Options header

      Prevents clickjacking attacks

      What to do: Add "X-Frame-Options: DENY" or "X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN"

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching pv.lv

This scan found 26 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

Daily monitoring

Recommended

€25per month

  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
72
Security headers
15
Email security
85
DNS health
70
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
10
Average
59

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

AS Pasažieru Vilciens holds a dominant market position as Latvia's national passenger rail operator. Its business model revolves around public transportation services, generating revenue primarily through ticket sales, including digital e-ticketing via mobile applications. The company targets a broad customer base comprising daily commuters, students, and tourists, supported by promotional offers and accessibility features. The website's integration with social media platforms and real-time service updates indicates an active engagement strategy. While no parent or subsidiary companies are identified, the firm maintains partnerships with tourism and cultural entities, enhancing its service offerings. Growth indicators include digital transformation efforts and expanded mobile app usage, positioning the company well for future market demands.

Security posture

The website exhibits a moderate to good security maturity level. HTTPS is properly implemented, and cookie consent mechanisms comply with GDPR standards. Client-side validation scripts enhance input security, reducing risks of malformed data submissions. However, the lack of HTTP security headers such as Content Security Policy (CSP), HSTS, and X-Frame-Options reduces defense-in-depth. No vulnerability disclosure policy or security.txt file is present, limiting transparency and incident response readiness. No exposed sensitive data or vulnerable libraries were detected in the provided content. The absence of direct security contact channels may delay incident reporting and resolution. Overall, the security posture is adequate for a public transportation website but would benefit from enhanced security controls and policy disclosures.

Recommendations

  1. Implement and configure HTTP security headers including CSP, HSTS, and X-Frame-Options to strengthen browser security.
  2. Publish a formal security policy and incident response contact information to improve transparency and user trust.
  3. Establish a vulnerability disclosure program or security.txt file to facilitate responsible reporting of security issues.
  4. Enhance server-side input validation and monitoring to complement existing client-side validations.
  5. Regularly audit third-party scripts and dependencies to ensure no vulnerable libraries are included.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
AS PASAŽIERU VILCIENS
Description
AS Pasažieru Vilciens is a Latvian passenger rail transport company providing train services including ticket sales, schedules, and passenger information.
Key services
Passenger train services, Ticket sales (including e-tickets), Real-time train tracking, Passenger information and announcements
Content quality
good
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
JavaScript, jQuery UI (autocomplete, datepicker), Slick Carousel, Font Awesome icons
Frameworks
UI libraries (jQuery UI)
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
75/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced (implied by URL https://)
  • Cookie consent banner implemented
  • Form validation scripts present

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Analytics (implied by gtag.js comment)
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Marketing tools
Google Tag Manager (implied by gtag.js comment)
Transparency
basic

Site quality

Design
good
User experience
good
Content relevance
good
Navigation
good
Professionalism
good
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is fully accessible with rich content in Latvian language.
  2. Strong focus on passenger information and train schedules.
  3. Cookie consent and privacy policies are implemented and accessible.
  4. No explicit terms of service or security policy pages found.
  5. No direct company contact emails or phone numbers visible on homepage; contact likely via contact page.
  6. Social media presence is active and linked.
  7. No signs of suspicious or malicious content.
  8. Technical implementation uses modern JS and UI libraries with good accessibility features.
Technical notes

Notes

The website uses a modern JavaScript-based frontend with multiple deferred script loads, indicating asynchronous resource management for performance. UI components include jQuery UI widgets (autocomplete, datepicker) and Slick Carousel for content sliders, providing a rich interactive experience. The presence of Google Tag Manager and Google Analytics scripts suggests active user behavior tracking and marketing analytics. The site is mobile optimized with responsive design and accessibility features such as font size and contrast adjustments. No CMS is explicitly detected, implying a custom or proprietary platform. Performance is moderate, with potential improvements in resource loading and caching strategies. Hosting details are not disclosed, but HTTPS usage indicates a secure transport layer. Overall, the technical infrastructure supports the business needs effectively with room for optimization.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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