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Security report for oulunjoukkoliikenne.fi

Oulun seudun liikenne · Transportation · Finland

Medium risk. 4 critical or high findings in Email security and Security headers.

Security score

71/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

Oulun seudun liikenne operates as a regional public transportation authority in Finland, providing bus schedules, ticketing, and travel information primarily for the Oulu region. The website serves residents and travelers with relevant transit data and customer service resources. The business model focuses on public transport facilitation with digital tools such as the OSL app and integration with partner services like Waltti for ticket purchases. Technically, the website is built on WordPress, leveraging modern web technologies including jQuery, Google Tag Manager, and Cookiebot for consent management. The site demonstrates good SEO and accessibility practices with responsive design and clear navigation. Security posture is solid with HTTPS enforced and cookie consent implemented, though explicit security headers and incident response information are absent. Privacy compliance is partially met with a detailed cookie consent mechanism but lacks a clearly accessible privacy policy or terms of service. Overall, the website is professional, trustworthy, and well-aligned with its public service mission, though improvements in transparency and security documentation are recommended.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
83/ 100 · Low
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

4 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. Email security

    SPF, DKIM and DMARC stop others sending email that looks like it comes from your domain, a common route to phishing and invoice fraud.

    • Critical

      No email authentication configured

      Domain is vulnerable to email spoofing

      What to do: Implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC immediately

  2. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing X-Frame-Options header

      Prevents clickjacking attacks

      What to do: Add "X-Frame-Options: DENY" or "X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN"

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching oulunjoukkoliikenne.fi

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
95
Security headers
15
Email security
60
DNS health
75
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
83
Average
71

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Breach exposure

Leaked credentials and lookalike domains from OffSeq Breach. The counts are free; the detailed lists are paid add-ons.

Dark web exposure

Add-on

Leaked records that mention oulunjoukkoliikenne.fi, from OffSeq Breach.

No leaked records found

Breach holds no records for oulunjoukkoliikenne.fi right now. New leaks arrive continuously, so monitoring on Breach alerts you if that changes.

Monitor on Breach (opens in a new tab)

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

The company positions itself as an essential regional transportation provider with a focus on bus services in the Oulu area. Its competitive advantage lies in integrated digital services such as the OSL app and partnerships with ticketing platforms like Waltti. The business model is service-oriented, targeting local commuters, students, and visitors. Revenue streams likely include public funding and ticket sales. The partnership ecosystem includes technology providers for analytics and consent management, as well as regional ticketing services. Growth indicators include active communication of service updates and digital engagement. Strategic observations suggest a stable public sector operation with opportunities to enhance user trust through improved privacy and security disclosures.

Security posture

The website exhibits a mature security posture with mandatory HTTPS and a comprehensive cookie consent mechanism that respects user privacy preferences. However, the absence of explicit security headers such as Content-Security-Policy and lack of published security policies or incident response contacts represent gaps. No vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected in the HTML content. Compliance with GDPR is partially demonstrated via cookie consent but would benefit from a clearly accessible privacy policy and data protection officer contact. Incident response readiness is unclear due to missing contact channels. Overall, the security culture appears adequate for a public service website but could be strengthened by formalizing security documentation and disclosure practices.

Recommendations

  1. Publish a comprehensive privacy policy and terms of service accessible from the homepage
  2. Implement and serve explicit security headers including Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-Content-Type-Options
  3. Provide clear contact information for security incidents and designate a data protection officer
  4. Add a vulnerability disclosure policy or security.txt file to facilitate responsible reporting
  5. Regularly review and update cookie consent and privacy compliance to align with evolving regulations

Contact details published on the site

Addresses
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
Oulun seudun liikenne
Description
OSL-sovellus, reittiopas, liput ja hinnat sekä tietoa joukkoliikenteellä matkustamiseen Oulun seudulla.
Key services
Bus schedules and routes, Ticketing and pricing, Customer service, Travel tips
Content quality
good
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
jQuery, Google Tag Manager, Cookiebot, WordPress
Frameworks
The SEO Framework by Sybre Waaijer
Platforms
WordPress
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
80/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Cookie consent with opt-in/out
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Analytics
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
good

Advertising

Ad networks
Google
Tracking pixels
Cookiebot, Leadoo
Marketing tools
Cookiebot, Leadoo
Transparency
good

Site quality

Design
good
User experience
good
Content relevance
good
Navigation
good
Professionalism
good
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is professionally designed and well-structured
  2. Comprehensive cookie consent mechanism implemented with detailed cookie categories
  3. No explicit privacy policy or terms of service pages found in the provided content
  4. No direct contact emails or phone numbers found in the HTML content
  5. Use of modern web technologies and SEO best practices
  6. No security.txt or vulnerability disclosure information present
  7. No visible security incident response contacts
  8. No certifications or security frameworks mentioned
  9. External links mostly to trusted domains related to analytics, cookie consent, and regional transport services
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on a WordPress CMS platform using modern technologies such as jQuery and Google Tag Manager. It employs Cookiebot for cookie consent management, ensuring compliance with privacy regulations. The site is mobile-optimized with responsive design and good accessibility features. Performance is moderate, with no critical errors or broken elements detected. SEO is well addressed through meta tags and Open Graph data. Technical risks are minimal but include the lack of certain security headers and absence of detailed security documentation. Opportunities exist to modernize security practices and enhance transparency to improve overall technical robustness.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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