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Security report for k2centrum.se

K2 · Transportation · Sweden

Medium risk. 8 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view and Security headers.

Security score

58/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

K2 is Sweden's national knowledge center for public transportation, serving as a collaborative platform where academia, public authorities, and industry stakeholders converge to discuss and develop collective mobility solutions. The organization is supported and financed by Lund University, Malmö University, VTI, and regional governmental bodies, positioning it as a key player in Sweden's transportation research and development landscape. The website reflects a professional and well-structured digital presence, offering research publications, educational courses, events, and partnership information targeted at researchers, practitioners, and students in the field of public transport. Technically, the website is built on WordPress with modern web technologies including jQuery and responsive CSS, ensuring good mobile optimization and accessibility. The site employs HTTPS with a strong SSL configuration, though it lacks some advanced security headers and cookie consent mechanisms. The presence of a secure newsletter subscription form indicates attention to data collection security, but privacy compliance could be enhanced with clearer cookie policies and vulnerability disclosure information. From a security perspective, the site demonstrates a solid baseline with HTTPS and secure form handling but would benefit from implementing additional HTTP security headers and publishing incident response or vulnerability disclosure policies. The absence of WHOIS data for the exact queried subdomain is a minor concern but likely due to querying the subdomain rather than the base domain. Overall, the site is trustworthy, professional, and safe for general audiences. Strategically, K2 should focus on enhancing privacy compliance by adding cookie consent and detailed privacy notices, improving security posture with security headers, and publishing clear vulnerability disclosure and incident response contacts to build further trust and compliance with GDPR and related regulations.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
10/ 100 · Critical
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

8 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • High

      No Privacy Policy found

      GDPR requires a clear and accessible privacy policy

      What to do: Add a comprehensive privacy policy page and link to it prominently

  2. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing X-Frame-Options header

      Prevents clickjacking attacks

      What to do: Add "X-Frame-Options: DENY" or "X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN"

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
85
Security headers
15
Email security
75
DNS health
65
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
10
Average
58

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

K2 occupies a unique market position as Sweden's national knowledge center for collective mobility, leveraging partnerships with major universities and regional governments. Its business model centers on research collaboration, knowledge dissemination, and professional education, targeting researchers, public sector professionals, and students. Revenue streams likely include public funding and grants. The partnership ecosystem is robust, involving multiple universities and regional authorities, enhancing credibility and reach. Growth indicators include active event calendars, ongoing research projects, and educational offerings. The organization's operations emphasize collaboration and knowledge sharing, positioning it as a central hub in Sweden's transportation research sector.

Security posture

The website exhibits a moderate to good security maturity level with HTTPS enforced and secure form handling. However, the absence of key security headers such as Content-Security-Policy and X-Frame-Options reduces defense-in-depth. No vulnerabilities or exposed sensitive data were detected in the analysis. Compliance with GDPR is partially demonstrated via a privacy policy link, but cookie consent mechanisms are missing. Incident response readiness is unclear due to lack of published contacts or policies. The security culture appears professional but could be improved by formalizing vulnerability disclosure and incident response processes.

Recommendations

  1. Implement comprehensive HTTP security headers including Content-Security-Policy, X-Content-Type-Options, and X-Frame-Options.
  2. Add a cookie consent banner/mechanism to comply with EU cookie laws and enhance privacy compliance.
  3. Publish a vulnerability disclosure policy or security.txt file to facilitate responsible reporting of security issues.
  4. Provide explicit incident response contact information on the website for security-related inquiries.
  5. Enhance the privacy policy with detailed information on data processing, retention, and user rights.

Contact details published on the site

Addresses
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
K2
Description
K2 är Sveriges nationella kunskapscentrum för kollektiv mobilitet där akademi, offentliga aktörer och näringsliv möts för att diskutera och utveckla kollektiv mobilitet i Sverige.
Key services
Forskning inom kollektiv mobilitet, Utbildningar och kurser för yrkesverksamma, Kunskapsbank och publikationer, Evenemang och seminarier
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
WordPress, jQuery, PHP, CSS3, HTML5
Platforms
WordPress CMS
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
80/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • Secure form with email input and POST method

Analytics and tracking

Tracking level
minimal
Privacy practices
basic

Advertising

Tracking pixels
trk.idrelay.com
Marketing tools
trk.idrelay.com
Transparency
basic

Site quality

Design
excellent
User experience
excellent
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
excellent
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is fully accessible with no blocking or WAF challenges.
  2. Content is professionally presented in Swedish with English alternative.
  3. No explicit cookie consent mechanism found despite EU GDPR relevance.
  4. Contact information is clearly provided in footer with email and phone.
  5. No explicit security.txt or vulnerability disclosure policy found.
  6. WHOIS data was not found for the queried subdomain, indicating a query error or subdomain WHOIS limitation.
  7. Website uses WordPress CMS with modern theme and jQuery library.
  8. External links mostly to partner organizations and governmental institutions.
  9. No advertising networks detected except a tracking domain for newsletter subscription.
  10. No adult or questionable content detected; content is safe for general audiences.
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on a WordPress CMS platform using a custom theme and standard libraries such as jQuery. The HTML and CSS are valid and modern, supporting responsive design and accessibility features. Performance is moderate, with optimized images and lazy loading used. The site uses HTTPS with a valid SSL certificate, ensuring encrypted communications. No advanced frameworks beyond WordPress and jQuery were detected. The technical infrastructure is solid but could benefit from additional security hardening and privacy compliance features. Hosting provider details were not discernible from the data.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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