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Security report for k-auto.fi

K-Auto Oy · Transportation · Finland

Medium risk. 7 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view and Security headers.

Security score

55/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

K-Auto Oy is a prominent automotive company in Finland offering a comprehensive range of services including new and used car sales, leasing, financing, maintenance, and repair services. The company operates multiple dealerships across Finland and represents several major automotive brands such as Volkswagen, Audi, Porsche, SEAT, CUPRA, and Bentley. Their business model focuses on providing a seamless customer experience from vehicle acquisition to after-sales services, supported by digital tools and loyalty programs like Plussa. K-Auto is part of the larger Kesko Group, enhancing its market position and operational capabilities. Technically, the website is built on modern frameworks including Next.js and React, hosted via Cloudflare, and managed through the Contentful CMS. The site demonstrates good mobile optimization, accessibility, and SEO practices, although performance metrics are moderate. The presence of comprehensive legal and privacy documentation indicates a mature approach to compliance and customer trust. From a security perspective, while the site employs some security headers and uses HTTPS, the SSL certificate is currently invalid or missing, which is a critical vulnerability. The absence of DNSSEC and CAA records further indicates potential areas for security enhancement. No explicit incident response or vulnerability disclosure policies were found. Overall, K-Auto presents a professional and trustworthy digital presence with strong business credibility and customer focus. However, addressing the SSL certificate issues and enhancing security configurations are essential to maintain user trust and comply with best practices.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
0/ 100 · Critical
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

7 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • High

      No Privacy Policy found

      GDPR requires a clear and accessible privacy policy

      What to do: Add a comprehensive privacy policy page and link to it prominently

    • High

      No Cookie Policy found

      GDPR requires clear information about cookie usage

      What to do: Add a dedicated cookie policy explaining cookie usage and purposes

  2. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing X-Frame-Options header

      Prevents clickjacking attacks

      What to do: Add "X-Frame-Options: DENY" or "X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN"

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

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Keep watching k-auto.fi

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
50
Security headers
45
Email security
50
DNS health
85
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
0
Average
55

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

K-Auto holds a strong market position in the Finnish automotive sector, leveraging its affiliation with Kesko Group. Its competitive advantage lies in its extensive brand portfolio, wide dealership network, and integrated services including leasing and financing. The company targets both private consumers and corporate clients, offering tailored solutions such as private leasing and business leasing. Revenue streams are diversified across vehicle sales, after-sales services, and financial products. The integration with loyalty programs like Plussa enhances customer retention. Strategic partnerships with financial and data service providers support operational efficiency. The company is investing in digital transformation, evident from its modern website and online service offerings, positioning itself well for future growth.

Security posture

The current security posture of K-Auto's website is moderate but with critical gaps. The use of HTTPS and some security headers like X-Content-Type-Options and HSTS (though not fully enabled) are positive indicators. However, the invalid SSL certificate is a significant risk, potentially exposing users to man-in-the-middle attacks and undermining trust. The lack of DNSSEC and CAA records reduces DNS security. No evidence of a published security policy or incident response contacts limits transparency and preparedness. The site uses third-party scripts such as Google Tag Manager, which should be regularly audited to prevent vulnerabilities. Overall, the security culture appears basic with room for improvement in certificate management, header configuration, and incident response readiness.

Recommendations

  1. Immediately renew and properly configure the SSL certificate to ensure secure HTTPS connections.
  2. Enable and enforce HSTS with includeSubDomains and preload directives to prevent protocol downgrade attacks.
  3. Implement DNSSEC and CAA records to enhance DNS security and certificate issuance control.
  4. Publish a clear security policy and incident response contact information to improve transparency and readiness.
  5. Regularly audit and update third-party scripts and dependencies to mitigate potential vulnerabilities.

Contact details published on the site

Addresses
Legal name
K-Auto Oy
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built using Next.js and React, indicating a modern and scalable front-end architecture. Contentful CMS is used for content management, providing flexibility and ease of updates. Hosting is via Cloudflare, offering CDN and security features. The site includes extensive CSS stylesheets and numerous JavaScript chunks, suggesting a rich interactive experience. Performance is moderate, with no explicit load time data but chunked transfer encoding and dynamic content caching. Mobile optimization and accessibility are well addressed, with responsive images and ARIA roles. SEO is supported by comprehensive meta tags including Open Graph and Twitter cards. However, the invalid SSL certificate and missing advanced security configurations pose technical risks that could impact user trust and compliance.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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