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Security report for icao.int

International Civil Aviation Organization · Transportation · N/a

Medium risk. 6 critical or high findings in Security headers, GDPR outside view and 1 other check.

Security score

69/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) operates as a specialized United Nations agency focused on establishing global standards and regulations for civil aviation. The website serves as a comprehensive portal for aviation safety, security, environmental protection, economic development, and capacity building. It targets governments, aviation stakeholders, and the public, providing authoritative information, news, and resources. Technically, the site is built on Microsoft SharePoint, leveraging modern JavaScript libraries and hosted on Microsoft Azure DNS, reflecting a mature and stable digital infrastructure. Security posture is solid with HTTPS enforcement and standard security headers, though improvements such as CSP headers and a vulnerability disclosure page are recommended. Privacy compliance is moderate, with a privacy policy present but lacking explicit cookie consent mechanisms. Overall, the site is professional, trustworthy, and well-maintained, with minor areas for enhancement in security and privacy transparency.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
35/ 100 · High
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

6 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

  2. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • High

      No Privacy Policy found

      GDPR requires a clear and accessible privacy policy

      What to do: Add a comprehensive privacy policy page and link to it prominently

    • High

      No Cookie Policy found

      GDPR requires clear information about cookie usage

      What to do: Add a dedicated cookie policy explaining cookie usage and purposes

    • High

      No Cookie Consent Banner found

      GDPR requires explicit consent for non-essential cookies

      What to do: Implement a cookie consent banner that appears on first visit

    • High

      Third-party services without privacy policy

      Detected services: Google Analytics, Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube, Cloudflare, Google APIs

      What to do: Document all third-party data sharing in your privacy policy

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching icao.int

This scan found 22 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

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Recommended

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
67
Security headers
50
Email security
75
DNS health
85
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
35
Average
69

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Breach exposure

Leaked credentials and lookalike domains from OffSeq Breach. The counts are free; the detailed lists are paid add-ons.

Dark web exposure

Add-on

Leaked records that mention icao.int, from OffSeq Breach.

Total records
5,227
Employees
57
Customers
4,994
Third parties
176
Weak passwords
15%

Latest record dated 2026-06-06 · 69 subdomains affected

See the 10 newest leaked credentials

A one-off add-on to this report that lists the most recent identifier and password pairs OffSeq Breach holds for icao.int.

Select it in the checkout above.

Masked preview

  • –webmail.icao.int2026-06-06
  • –applications.icao.int2026-06-05
  • –webmail.icao.int2026-06-04
  • –store.icao.int2026-06-04
  • –webmail.icao.int2026-06-04

Breach keeps ingesting new leaks, so these numbers can grow between scans.

Open in Breach(opens in a new tab)Monitor on Breach(opens in a new tab)

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

ICAO holds a dominant position as the global regulatory authority for civil aviation, operating as an intergovernmental organization with a broad mandate covering safety, security, environmental sustainability, and economic aspects of air transport. Its business model is non-commercial, focusing on standard-setting, training, and coordination among member states. The website reflects this with extensive multilingual content, official publications, and strategic initiatives. Partnerships with entities like the United Nations and aviation industry platforms such as Uniting Aviation are evident, supporting its ecosystem. The organization's longevity since 1998 and enterprise scale underscore its established market presence and influence in global aviation governance.

Security posture

ICAO's website demonstrates a mature security posture with enforced HTTPS, use of Google Tag Manager for controlled script deployment, and absence of exposed sensitive data. However, the lack of a Content Security Policy (CSP) header and absence of a publicly accessible vulnerability disclosure or security.txt file indicate areas for improvement. No incident response contacts or formal security policies are published, which could enhance transparency and readiness. The site does not show signs of common vulnerabilities or malicious activity. Overall, the security measures are adequate for an international organization website but could be strengthened to align with best practices and compliance standards.

Recommendations

  1. Implement a Content Security Policy (CSP) header to mitigate cross-site scripting and related attacks.
  2. Publish a vulnerability disclosure policy or security.txt file to facilitate responsible reporting of security issues.
  3. Introduce a cookie consent banner or mechanism to comply with privacy regulations and enhance user transparency.
  4. Provide clear security policy documentation and incident response contact information on the website.
  5. Regularly audit and update third-party scripts and libraries to minimize potential vulnerabilities.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Business

Company
International Civil Aviation Organization
Description
ICAO is a specialized agency of the United Nations that codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth.
Key services
Aviation safety and security standards, Environmental protection initiatives, Economic development of air transport, Capacity development and training, Global aviation data and publications
Content quality
excellent
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
Microsoft SharePoint, jQuery, Handlebars.js, SliderPro, Google Analytics, Google Tag Manager, Modernizr, Moment.js
Frameworks
SharePoint Framework
Platforms
Microsoft Azure DNS
Performance
moderate
Mobile
good
Accessibility
good
SEO
good

Security

Observed score
75/100
Good practices seen
  • HTTPS enforced
  • No exposed sensitive data in HTML
  • Use of Google Tag Manager for controlled script loading

Analytics and tracking

Services
Google Analytics, Google Tag Manager
Tracking level
moderate
Privacy practices
basic

Advertising

Transparency
basic

Site quality

Design
good
User experience
good
Content relevance
excellent
Navigation
good
Professionalism
excellent
Trustworthiness
high

Key observations

  1. Website is a professional government/international organization site
  2. Content is multilingual with language switcher for 6 languages
  3. Uses Microsoft SharePoint CMS with custom scripts and modern JS libraries
  4. Includes social media links to official ICAO profiles
  5. No visible cookie consent banner or explicit cookie policy
  6. No visible security.txt or vulnerability disclosure page
  7. WHOIS data is clean and consistent with organizational identity
  8. No signs of phishing, malware, or adult content
  9. Good SEO and accessibility practices observed
Technical notes

Notes

The website is built on Microsoft SharePoint, utilizing a combination of jQuery, Handlebars.js, SliderPro, and other modern JavaScript libraries to deliver dynamic content and interactive features. Hosting is managed via Microsoft Azure DNS, ensuring reliable domain resolution. Performance is moderate, with some reliance on external CDNs for fonts and scripts. The site is mobile-optimized with responsive design elements and accessibility features such as skip links and ARIA roles. SEO is supported through meta tags and structured navigation. Technical debt appears low, but the absence of advanced security headers and cookie consent mechanisms suggests opportunities for modernization and compliance enhancement.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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