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Security report for belgiantrain.be

NMBS · Transportation · Belgium

Medium risk. 7 critical or high findings in GDPR outside view and Security headers.

Security score

68/100

Risk levelMedium

0–100, higher is better. How it is calculated

The website www.belgiantrain.be represents NMBS, the Belgian national railway company providing train transportation services. The site is positioned as a national public transportation portal targeting general train travelers in Belgium. However, the current accessible content is blocked by a Cloudflare Turnstile CAPTCHA challenge, preventing direct content access and limiting detailed analysis. The website uses modern security mechanisms like CAPTCHA to prevent automated access, indicating a focus on security, but lacks visible privacy and cookie policies on the landing page. The WHOIS data is not publicly available due to domain registration policies, which is typical for .be domains and large organizations. Overall, the business is a large enterprise in the transportation sector with consistent branding but limited accessible content for deeper evaluation.

Scanned

NIS2 and GDPR posture

GDPR outside view
10/ 100 · Critical
Checks completed
7of 7

NIS2 Art. 21(2)

  1. (a) Risk analysis and security policies: Not visible from outside
  2. (b) Incident handling: One indicator
  3. (c) Business continuity, backups and crisis management: Not visible from outside
  4. (d) Supply chain security: Not visible from outside
  5. (e) Secure acquisition, development and maintenance, including vulnerability handling: Partly checked
  6. (f) Assessing the effectiveness of security measures: Not visible from outside
  7. (g) Cyber hygiene and security training: Not visible from outside
  8. (h) Cryptography and encryption: Partly checked
  9. (i) HR security, access control and asset management: One indicator
  10. (j) Multi-factor authentication and secured communications: Not visible from outside

This scan rated NIS2 with an earlier keyword method that is no longer shown; rescan for the per-article view. Risk management, continuity, supply chain, training, MFA, management oversight (Art. 20) and incident reporting (Art. 23) need internal evidence, and Guard cannot tell whether NIS2 applies to this organisation.

GDPR is indicative only, based on publicly visible signals: Articles 7, 12, 13 and 32 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. Not a certification or legal assessment.

Priority findings

7 findings rated critical or high. Fix these first.

  1. GDPR outside view

    These are the privacy signals visitors and data protection authorities look for under GDPR.

    • Critical

      EU business without adequate privacy measures

      EU businesses are subject to strict GDPR requirements

      What to do: Implement comprehensive GDPR compliance including privacy policy, cookie consent, and data protection measures

    • High

      No Privacy Policy found

      GDPR requires a clear and accessible privacy policy

      What to do: Add a comprehensive privacy policy page and link to it prominently

    • High

      No Cookie Policy found

      GDPR requires clear information about cookie usage

      What to do: Add a dedicated cookie policy explaining cookie usage and purposes

  2. Security headers

    Security headers are instructions your web server sends to every visitor’s browser. Missing ones leave visitors more exposed to attacks such as clickjacking and injected scripts.

    • High

      Missing Strict-Transport-Security header

      Forces HTTPS connections

      What to do: Add "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"

      • CWE-319
      • OWASP A04:2025
      • ASVS V3.4.1
    • High

      Missing Content-Security-Policy header

      Controls resources the browser is allowed to load

      What to do: Implement a Content-Security-Policy appropriate for your application

      • ASVS V3.4.3
      • OWASP Secure Headers: OWASP Secure Headers Project recommends Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; object-src 'none';…

Need hands-on remediation? Email guard@offseq.com

Keep watching belgiantrain.be

This scan found 19 issues across 6 checks. Monitoring re-runs those checks daily, emails you when something material changes and records each fix, so you can show progress.

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  • TLS certificates and expiry
  • DNS records
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC
  • Security headers
  • GDPR and NIS2 posture
  • Exposed services
  • Third-party trackers
  • Security score drift

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Results by check

Each check with its score, findings and the evidence it collected.

How this score is calculated

The security score runs 0–100, higher is better. It is the plain average of the security checks that completed in this scan, each counted equally. A check that could not run is left out: it counts neither as a pass nor as a fail.

Counted in this score

SSL/TLS
100
Security headers
55
Email security
75
DNS health
70
Network security
100
GDPR outside view
10
Average
68

Not counted

  • NIS2 outside view: Re-weights evidence from the TLS, email, DNS, network and hygiene checks, so counting it would count that evidence twice. Shown on its own.
  • OffSeq Observations: An AI reading of the site, useful context but not reproducible evidence. Shown on its own.

Findings that cap the score at 49

Each of these is serious on its own, so while any is present the site cannot rate better than high risk, however good the other checks are.

  • The certificate is not trusted by browsers
  • The website is not served over HTTPS
  • A database, remote desktop, file-sharing or Telnet service is reachable from the internet
  • The page loads a script from a compromised source
  • The domain registration has expired
  • SPF authorises every server to send mail as the domain

Partial scans

When the site blocks Guard or most checks cannot run, the score covers only the checks that ran (usually DNS and email), is capped at 75 and is shown as partial, without a risk level.

Risk levels

  • Critical0–25
  • High26–49
  • Medium50–75
  • Low76–100

Technical appendix

Business context, site observations and technical notes gathered during the scan, and the standards behind each reference.

Business context

Business profile

NMBS operates as the national railway operator in Belgium, providing essential train services to the public. The business model is focused on public transportation with key services including ticketing and customer support. The website links to multiple language-specific customer service pages, indicating a multilingual and broad user base. The domain's WHOIS privacy protection is justified given the nature of the organization. The lack of visible marketing or advertising tools suggests a focus on service rather than commercial advertising. The company maintains a professional brand presence but the website's current accessibility issues limit user engagement and information dissemination.

Security posture

The website employs Cloudflare Turnstile CAPTCHA as a security measure to prevent automated bot access, which is a positive security control. However, the absence of visible security headers and lack of SSL/TLS configuration details in the provided data limit the assessment of overall security posture. No vulnerability disclosure or incident response information is available, and no privacy or cookie policies are presented, indicating gaps in compliance and transparency. The security score is moderate due to the presence of WAF but penalized heavily for lack of accessible content and compliance documentation. Recommendations include implementing comprehensive security headers, publishing privacy and cookie policies, and providing clear incident response contacts.

Recommendations

  1. Implement and publicly display comprehensive privacy and cookie policies to improve GDPR compliance and user trust.
  2. Enhance security headers such as Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and Strict-Transport-Security to strengthen security posture.
  3. Provide clear contact information for security incidents and vulnerability disclosures to improve incident response readiness.
  4. Optimize website accessibility and SEO to improve user experience and search engine visibility.
  5. Review and improve website content accessibility to reduce reliance on CAPTCHA challenges for legitimate users.
Site observations

Automated reading of the public site. Ratings are indicative.

Cloudflare detected. Page is a Cloudflare Turnstile CAPTCHA challenge page blocking direct content access. These observations may be incomplete. For a fuller analysis, contact guard@offseq.com.

Business

Company
NMBS
Description
Belgian national railway company providing train transportation services.
Key services
Train ticketing, Customer service, Travel information
Content quality
poor
Branding
consistent

Technology

Stack
Cloudflare Turnstile, JavaScript, SVG images
Accessibility
basic
SEO
poor

Security

Observed score
30/100
Good practices seen
  • Cloudflare Turnstile CAPTCHA for bot protection

Analytics and tracking

Tracking level
minimal
Privacy practices
poor

Advertising

Transparency
poor

Site quality

Design
poor
User experience
poor
Content relevance
poor
Navigation
poor
Professionalism
poor
Trustworthiness
moderate

Key observations

  1. Website content is blocked by Cloudflare Turnstile CAPTCHA challenge.
  2. No WHOIS data publicly available due to domain policy restrictions.
  3. No privacy, cookie, or terms of service policies found on the landing page.
  4. No direct contact emails or phone numbers visible on the page.
  5. Website uses SVG logos and external image delivery services.
  6. No analytics or tracking scripts detected in the provided HTML.
  7. Website is likely part of a large enterprise transportation service (NMBS).
Technical notes

Notes

The website uses Cloudflare services including Turnstile CAPTCHA for bot mitigation, indicating a modern security infrastructure. The HTML content includes SVG logos and external image delivery via a CDN. No CMS or specific frameworks are detected from the provided HTML. The site lacks visible analytics or tracking scripts, suggesting minimal user tracking. Performance and mobile optimization cannot be fully assessed due to content blocking. The technical implementation is basic with room for improvement in SEO, accessibility, and security header implementation.
Standards and sources

Reference chips under each finding point to the standard, regulation or specification the finding relates to. They are taken from the official datasets below and mapped conservatively: a finding with no defensible link shows none. NIS2 and GDPR references mark where a finding is relevant evidence, not a compliance verdict. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 binds digital infrastructure and digital service providers; for other entities it is the most detailed public reading of the Article 21 measures. WCAG, EN 301 549, European Accessibility Act and Web Accessibility Directive references name the requirement an automated accessibility rule relates to; they are not a conformance verdict.

Retrieved 2026-10-25

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